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Quantum instruments describe both the classical outcome and the updated state associated with a quantum measurement. We ask whether these processes can be simulated using only a natural subset of resources, namely projective measurements on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Shishir Khandelwal , Armin Tavakoli

In quantum theory general measurements are described by so-called Positive Operator-Valued Measures (POVMs). We show that in $d$-dimensional quantum systems an application of depolarizing noise with constant (independent of $d$) visibility…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-17 Michał Kotowski , Michał Oszmaniec

In many a traditional physics textbook, a quantum measurement is defined as a projective measurement represented by a Hermitian operator. In quantum information theory, however, the concept of a measurement is dealt with in complete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-06 Ravi Kunjwal , Chris Heunen , Tobias Fritz

Quantum measurements are ubiquitous in quantum information processing tasks, but errors can render their outputs unreliable. Here, we present a scheme that implements a robust projective measurement through measuring code-inspired…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-11 Yingkai Ouyang

We introduce a framework for simulating quantum measurements based on classical processing of a set of accessible measurements. Well-known concepts such as joint measurability and projective simulability naturally emerge as particular cases…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-27 Leonardo Guerini , Jessica Bavaresco , Marcelo Terra Cunha , Antonio Acín

The relation between projective measurements and generalized quantum measurements is a fundamental problem in quantum physics, and clarifying this issue is also important to quantum technologies. While it has been intuitively known that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-26 Wen-Long Ma , Shu-Shen Li , Ren-Bao Liu

Self-testing is the strongest form of quantum functionality verification which allows a classical user to deduce the quantum state and measurements used to produce measurement statistics. While self-testing of quantum states is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-06 Ranyiliu Chen , Laura Mančinska , Jurij Volčič

Determining the conditions under which positive operator-valued measures (POVMs), the most general class of quantum measurements, outperform projective measurements remains a challenging and largely unresolved problem. Of particular…

We report an alternative scheme for implementing generalized quantum measurements that does not require the usage of auxiliary system. Our method utilizes solely: (a) classical randomness and post-processing, (b) projective measurements on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-30 Michał Oszmaniec , Filip B. Maciejewski , Zbigniew Puchała

We study the possibility of giving a classical interpretation to quantum projective measurements for a particle described by a pure Gaussian state whose Wigner function is non-negative. We analyze the case of a projective measurement which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Amir Kalev , Ady Mann , Pier A. Mello , Michael Revzen

Standard quantum measurements are projective. However, the full scope of quantum measurements is represented by positive operator-valued measures (POVMs) and many of these break the limitations of projective measurements as resources in…

Projective quantum measurement is a theoretically accepted process in modern quantum mechanics. However, its projection hypothesis is widely regarded as an experimentally established empirical law. In this paper, we combine a previous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-03 Eiji Konishi

We propose a scheme to implement general quantum measurements, also known as Positive Operator Valued Measures (POVMs) in dimension $d$ using only classical resources and a single ancillary qubit. Our method is based on the probabilistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-14 Tanmay Singal , Filip B. Maciejewski , Michał Oszmaniec

In quantum computing, knowing the symmetries a given system or state obeys or disobeys is often useful. For example, Hamiltonian symmetries may limit allowed state transitions or simplify learning parameters in machine learning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-26 Margarite L. LaBorde , Soorya Rethinasamy , Mark M. Wilde

Generalized measurement schemes on one part of bipartite states, which would leave the set of all separable states insensitive are explored here to understand quantumness of correlations in a more general perspecitve. This is done by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-04 A. R. Usha Devi , A. K. Rajagopal , Sudha

We present a finite set of projective measurements that, together with quantum memory and preparation of the |0> state, suffice for universal quantum computation. This extends work of Nielsen [quant-ph/0108020], who proposed a scheme in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stephen A. Fenner , Yong Zhang

We propose a protocol to test whether the postulate of a measurement acting as an instantaneous projection onto an eigenstate of the measurement apparatus is compatible with physical reality. This approach is solely based on repeated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Leonard Werner Pingen , Mattia Moroder , Sebastian Paeckel

We propose a scheme that can realize a class of positive-operator-valued measures (POVMs) by performing a sequence of projective measurements on the original system, in the sense that for an arbitrary input state the probability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guoming Wang , Mingsheng Ying

We investigate the compression of quantum information with respect to a given set $\mathcal{M}$ of high-dimensional measurements. This leads to a notion of simulability, where we demand that the statistics obtained from $\mathcal{M}$ and an…

Superposition is the core feature that sets quantum theory apart from classical physics. Here, we investigate whether sets of quantum measurements can be modelled by using only devices that are operationally classical, in the sense that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Gabriele Cobucci , Alexander Bernal , Roope Uola , Armin Tavakoli
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