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We review recent advancements in cosmology with galaxy clusters. Galaxy clusters are the most massive objects in the Universe. Consequently the cluster number density as a function of cluster mass, or cluster abundance, is sensitive to…
Non-thermal motions in the intra-cluster medium (ICM) are believed to play a non-negligible role in the pressure support to the total gravitating mass of galaxy clusters. Future X-ray missions, such as ASTRO-H and ATHENA, will eventually…
Using CCD detectors onboard the forthcoming X-ray observatories Chandra and XMM, it is possible to devise a measurement of the absolute density of heavy elements in the hypothetical warm gas filling intercluster space. This gas may be the…
We present a compact, reliable, and robust free-running all-polarization-maintaining erbium (Er) single-cavity dual-comb laser generated via polarization multiplexing with gain sharing. Polarization multiplexing exploits the fast and slow…
Measurements of galaxy cluster abundances, clustering properties, and mass to- light ratios in current and future surveys can provide important cosmological constraints. Digital wide-field imaging surveys, the recently-demonstrated fidelity…
Previous attempts at segmenting molecular line maps of molecular clouds have focused on using position-position-velocity data cubes of a single line to separate the spatial components of the cloud. In contrast, wide field spectral imaging…
A novel algorithm and implementation of real-time identification and tracking of blob-filaments in fusion reactor data is presented. Similar spatio-temporal features are important in many other applications, for example, ignition kernels in…
In model-based clustering using finite mixture models, it is a significant challenge to determine the number of clusters (cluster size). It used to be equal to the number of mixture components (mixture size); however, this may not be valid…
The detection of clusters of galaxies in large surveys plays an important part in extragalactic astronomy, and particularly in cosmology, since cluster counts can give strong constraints on cosmological parameters. X-ray imaging is in…
Unsupervised clustering of feature matrix data is an indispensible technique for exploratory data analysis and quality control of experimental data. However, clusters are difficult to assess for statistical significance in an objective way.…
The paper considers the problem of anomaly detection in 3D images of fibre materials. The spatial Stochastic Expectation Maximisation algorithm and Adaptive Weights Clustering are applied to solve this problem. The initial 3D grey scale…
In this paper we show that 1-electron properties such as Compton profiles and structure factors of crystals can be asymptotically retrieved through cluster-based calculations, followed by an appropriate partition of the 1-electron reduced…
Particle-accelerating colliding-wind binaries (PACWBs) are multiple systems made of early-type stars able to accelerate particles up to relativistic velocities. The relativistic particles can interact with different fields (magnetic or…
We present the results of a simple but robust morphological classification of a statis- tically complete sample of 108 of the most X-ray luminous clusters at 0.15 < z < 0.7 observed with Chandra. Our aims are to (a) identify the most…
The caustic technique uses galaxy redshifts alone to measure the escape velocity and mass profiles of galaxy clusters to clustrocentric distances well beyond the virial radius, where dynamical equilibrium does not necessarily hold. We…
The fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) intensity due to the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect are the sum of a thermal and a kinetic contribution. Separating the two components to measure the peculiar velocity of galaxy…
We propose a novel methodology for feature screening in clustering massive datasets, in which both the number of features and the number of observations can potentially be very large. Taking advantage of a fusion penalization based convex…
The latest generation of Micromegas detectors show a good energy resolution, spatial resolution and low threshold, which make them idoneous in low energy applications. Two micromegas detectors have been built for dark matter experiments:…
The numerous and massive young star clusters in blue compact galaxies (BCGs) are used to investigate the properties of their hosts. We test whether BCGs follow claimed relations between cluster populations and their hosts, such as the the…
We present a new cluster detection algorithm designed for finding high-redshift clusters using optical/infrared imaging data. The algorithm has two main characteristics. First, it utilises each galaxy's full redshift probability function,…