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Related papers: The HI Probability Distribution Function and the A…

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We have examined the distribution of HI and H$_2$ gases in four face-on galaxies by using the observed dat a of CO and HI line emissions from the literatures. We demonstrate that the gas phase transition of HI and H$_2$ occurs suddenly…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mareki Honma , Yoshiaki Sofue , Nobuo Arimoto

There is mounting evidence for an extra-planar gas layer around the Milky Way disk, similar to the anomalous HI gas detected in a few other galaxies. As much as 10% of the gas may be in this phase. We analyze HI clouds located in the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-14 L. Dedes , P. W. M Kalberla

We have used archival far-ultraviolet spectra from observations made by HST/STIS and FUSE to determine the column densities and rotational excitation temperatures for CO and H2, respectively, along the lines of sight to 23 Galactic O and B…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-01-19 Eric B. Burgh , Kevin France , Stephan R. McCandliss

An intriguing fact about cosmic gas clouds is that they all appear to have neutral (atomic) hydrogen column densities smaller than 10^{22} cm^{-2}. Observations of damped Ly-alpha (DLA) absorption systems further indicate that the maximum…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Joop Schaye

The low column density gas at the outskirts of galaxies as traced by the 21 cm hydrogen line emission (HI) represents the interface between galaxies and the intergalactic medium, i.e., where galaxies are believed to get their supply of gas…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-05-23 Roger Ianjamasimanana , Fabian Walter , W. J. G. de Blok , George H. Heald , Elias Brinks

We devise a physical model of formation and distribution of molecular gas clouds in galaxies. We use the model to predict the intensities of rotational transition lines of carbon monoxide (CO) and the molecular hydrogen (H$_{\rm 2}$)…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-10-14 Shigeki Inoue , Naoki Yoshida , Hidenobu Yajima

We present a detailed analysis comparing the velocity fields in molecular clouds and the atomic gas that surrounds them in order to address the origin of the gradients. To that end, we present first-moment intensity-weighted velocity maps…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-27 N. Imara , L. Blitz

Due to our vantage point in the disk of the Galaxy, its 3D structure is not directly accessible. However, knowing the spatial distribution, e.g. of atomic and molecular hydrogen gas is of great importance for interpreting and modelling…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-09-26 Laurin Söding , Philipp Mertsch , Vo Hong Minh Phan

We present a comprehensive study of the velocity dispersion of the atomic (HI) and molecular (H2) gas components in the disks (R < R25) of a sample of 12 nearby spiral galaxies with moderate inclinations. Our analysis is based on sensitive…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-11-13 Anahi Caldu-Primo , Andreas Schruba , Fabian Walter , Adam Leroy , Karin Sandstrom , W. J. G. de Blok , Roger Ianjamasimanana , K. M. Mogotsi

We present a simulation of the cosmic evolution of the atomic and molecular phases of the cold hydrogen gas in about 3e7 galaxies, obtained by post-processing the virtual galaxy catalog produced by (De Lucia et al. 2007) on the Millennium…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 D. Obreschkow , D. Croton , G. De Lucia , S. Khochfar , S. Rawlings

How does molecular cloud chemistry change with metallicity? In this work, we study the relation between molecular hydrogen ($H_2$) and carbon monoxide (CO) at $1/2$ and $1/5$ solar metallicity using ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-18 Kirill Tchernyshyov , Jessica K. Werk , Julia Roman-Duval

We report results from a FUSE survey of interstellar molecular hydrogen (H2) along 45 sight lines to AGN at high Galactic latitudes (|b| > 20 degrees). Most (39 of 45) of the sight lines show detectable Galactic H2 absorption from Lyman and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Kristen Gillmon , J. Michael Shull , Jason Tumlinson , Charles Danforth

Studying the atomic-to-molecular transition is essential for understanding the evolution of interstellar medium. The linear edge of Taurus molecular cloud, clearly identified in the $^{13}$CO(1-0) intensity map, serves as an ideal site for…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-04-03 Ningyu Tang , Feihang Miao , Gan Luo , Di Li , Junzhi Wang , Fujun Du , Donghong Wu , Shu Liu

We use spectral stacking to measure the contribution of galaxies of different masses and in different hierarchies to the cosmic atomic hydrogen (HI) mass density in the local Universe. Our sample includes 1793 galaxies at $z < 0.11$…

Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) models help us to connect observations and theory, by assigning galaxies to dark matter haloes. In this work we study one of the components of HOD models: the probability distribution function (PDF), which…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-30 Bernhard Vos-Ginés , Santiago Avila , Violeta Gonzalez-Perez , Gustavo Yepes

Molecular hydrogen being unobservable in cold molecular clouds, the column density measurements of molecular gas currently rely either on dust emission observation in the far-IR or on star counting. (Sub-)millimeter observations of numerous…

We report on probability-density-functions (PDF) of the mass density in numerical simulations of highly compressible hydrodynamic flows and the corresponding structure formation of Lagrangian particles advected by the flows. Numerical…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2009-11-13 Christoph Beetz , Christian Schwarz , Jürgen Dreher , Rainer Grauer

Understanding the molecular gas content in the interstellar medium (ISM) is crucial for studying star formation and galaxy evolution. The CO-to-H$_2$ ($X_{\rm CO}$) and the [CI]-to-H$_2$ ($X_{\rm CI}$) conversion factors are widely used to…

A key parameter to the description of all star formation processes is the density structure of the gas. In this letter, we make use of probability distribution functions (PDFs) of Herschel column density maps of Orion B, Aquila, and…

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a poor tracer of H$_{2}$ in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM), where most of the carbon is not incorporated into CO molecules unlike the situation at higher extinctions. We present a novel, indirect method to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-12-18 Raphael Skalidis , Paul F. Goldsmith , Philip F. Hopkins , Sam B. Ponnada