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Clifford gates are a winsome class of quantum operations combining mathematical elegance with physical significance. The Gottesman-Knill theorem asserts that Clifford computations can be classically efficiently simulated but this is true…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-04 Richard Jozsa , Maarten Van den Nest

We present an approach to simulating quantum computation based on a classical model that directly imitates discrete quantum systems. Qubits are represented as harmonic functions in a 2D vector space. Multiplication of qubit representations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-06-30 Steven Peil

Quantum simulation with adiabatic annealing can provide insight into difficult problems that are impossible to study with classical computers. However, it deteriorates when the systems scale up due to the shrinkage of the excitation gap and…

In breakthrough work, Bravyi, Gosset, and K\"{o}nig (BGK) [Science, 2018] unconditionally proved that constant depth quantum circuits are more powerful than their classical counterparts. Their result is equivalent to saying that a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-23 Daochen Wang

Simulating the dynamics of non-equilibrium matter under extreme conditions lies beyond the capabilities of classical computation alone. Remarkable advances in quantum information science and technology are profoundly changing how we…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-04-01 Martin J. Savage

The advent of hybrid computing platforms consisting of quantum processing units integrated with conventional high-performance computing brings new opportunities for algorithm design. By strategically offloading select portions of the…

The study of quantum circuit simulation using classical computers is a key research topic that helps define the boundary of verifiable quantum advantage, solve quantum many-body problems, and inform development of quantum hardware and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Benjamin N. Miller , Peter K. Elgee , Jason R. Pruitt , Kevin C. Cox

Quantum computing promises to tackle technological and industrial problems insurmountable for classical computers. However, today's quantum computers still have limited demonstrable functionality, and it is expected that scaling up to…

A promising paradigm of quantum computing for achieving practical quantum advantages is quantum annealing or quantum approximate optimization algorithm, where the classical problems are encoded in Ising interactions. However, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-25 Yao Lu , Wentao Chen , Shuaining Zhang , Kuan Zhang , Jialiang Zhang , Jing-Ning Zhang , Kihwan Kim

Quantum computing enables parallelism through superposition and entanglement and offers advantages over classical computing architectures. However, due to the limitations of current quantum hardware in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Guolong Zhong , Yi Fan , Zhenyu Li

Classical computations inherently require energy dissipation that increases significantly as the reliability of the computation improves. This dissipation arises when transitions between memory states are not balanced by their time-reversed…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-17 Alexander B. Boyd , Paul M. Riechers

Random quantum circuit sampling serves as a benchmark to demonstrate quantum computational advantage. Recent progress in classical algorithms, especially those based on tensor network methods, has significantly reduced the classical…

This study examines the simulation of quantum algorithms on a classical computer. The program code implemented on a classical computer will be a straight connection between the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics and computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-13 Peter Nyman

Quantum systems have an exponentially large degree of freedom in the number of particles and hence provide a rich dynamics that could not be simulated on conventional computers. Quantum reservoir computing is an approach to use such a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-11 Keisuke Fujii , Kohei Nakajima

Classical-quantum computational complexity separations are an important motivation for the long-term development of digital quantum computers, but classical-quantum complexity equivalences are just as important in our present era of noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-10 Jonathan E. Moussa

Spin network systems can be used to achieve quantum state transfer with high fidelity and to generate entanglement. A new approach to design spin-chain-based spin network systems, for shortrange quantum information processing and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-01 Abdulsalam H. Alsulami , Irene D'Amico , Marta P. Estarellas , Timothy P. Spiller

Classical shadows are a computationally efficient approach to storing quantum states on a classical computer for the purposes of estimating expectation values of local observables, obtained by performing repeated random measurements. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-03 Saumya Shivam , C. W. von Keyserlingk , S. L. Sondhi

We develop a recently introduced representation of quantum dynamics based on sampling negative Markov chain processes. By introducing particles and antiparticles, this formalism maps generic quantum dynamics onto a Markov process defined…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Hugo Lóio , Jacopo De Nardis , Tony Jin

Several quantum hardware platforms, while being unable to perform fully fault-tolerant quantum computation, can still be operated as analogue quantum simulators for addressing many-body problems. However, due to the presence of errors, it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-22 Rahul Trivedi , Adrian Franco Rubio , J. Ignacio Cirac

Classical simulations of quantum systems are notoriously difficult computational problems, with conventional state vector and tensor network methods restricted to quantum systems that feature only a small number of qudits. The recently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Ben Harper , Azar C. Nakhl , Thomas Quella , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman