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Every irreducible outer automorphism of the free group of rank r is topologically represented by an irreducible train track map $f$ on some graph $\Gamma$ of rank r. Moreover, $f$ can always be written as a composition of folds and a graph…

Let $X$ be a compact, oriented, smooth, simply-connected $4$-manifold. The mapping class group of $X$ is defined as the group of smooth isotopy classes of diffeomorphisms of $X$. The Torelli group of $X$ is the subgroup of the mapping class…

We generalise a fundamental graph-theoretical fact, stating that every element of the cycle space of a graph is a sum of edge-disjoint cycles, to arbitrary continua. To achieve this we replace graph cycles by topological circles, and…

We develop a general diagrammatic theory of welded graphs, and provide an extension of Satoh's Tube map from welded graphs to ribbon surface-links. As a topological application, we obtain a complete link-homotopy classification of so-called…

In this paper we study Sigma invariants of even Artin groups of FC-type, extending some known results for right-angled Artin groups. In particular, we define a condition that we call the strong homological $n$-link condition for a graph…

The configuration space of $k \geq 3$ ordered points in the Riemann sphere $\widehat{\mathbb C}$ is the Torelli space ${\mathcal U}_{0,k}$; a complex manifold of dimension $k-3$. If $m,n \geq 4$ and $F:{\mathcal U}_{0,m} \to {\mathcal…

Let ${\mathbb{D}}^{m\times n}$ be the set of $m\times n$ matrices over a division ring $\mathbb{D}$. Two matrices $A,B\in {\mathbb{D}}^{m\times n}$ are adjacent if ${\rm rank}(A-B)=1$. By the adjacency, ${\mathbb{D}}^{m\times n}$ is a…

Let $\Phi=(G, \varphi)$ be a complex unit gain graph (or $\mathbb{T}$-gain graph) and $A(\Phi)$ be its adjacency matrix, where $G$ is called the underlying graph of $\Phi$. The rank of $\Phi$, denoted by $r(\Phi)$, is the rank of $A(\Phi)$.…

We introduce a class of labeled graphs (with legs) which contains two classes of GKM graphs of $4n$-dimensional manifolds with $T^{n}\times S^{1}$-actions, i.e., GKM graphs of the toric hyperK${\rm\ddot{a}}$hler manifolds and of the…

Graphs are topological spaces that include broader objects than discretized manifolds, making them interesting playgrounds for the study of quantum phases not realized by symmetry breaking. In particular they are known to support anyons of…

Let $F$ be a graph. We say that a hypergraph $H$ is a {\it Berge}-$F$ if there is a bijection $f : E(F) \rightarrow E(H )$ such that $e \subseteq f(e)$ for every $e \in E(F)$. Note that Berge-$F$ actually denotes a class of hypergraphs. The…

Let $\Pi$ be a polar space of type $\textsf{D}_{n}$. Denote by ${\mathcal G}_{\delta}(\Pi)$, $\delta\in \{+,-\}$ the associated half-spin Grassmannians and write $\Gamma_{\delta}(\Pi)$ for the corresponding half-spin Grassmann graphs. In…

The Universal Teichm\"uller Space, $T(1)$, is a universal parameter space for all Riemann surfaces. In earlier work of the first author it was shown that one can canonically associate infinite- dimensional period matrices to the coadjoint…

We study the geometry of nonrelatively hyperbolic groups. Generalizing a result of Schwartz, any quasi-isometric image of a non-relatively hyperbolic space in a relatively hyperbolic space is contained in a bounded neighborhood of a single…

The well-rounded retract for $\mathrm{SL}_n(\mathbb{Z})$ is defined as the set of flat tori of unit volume and dimension $n$ whose systoles generate a finite-index subgroup in homology. This set forms an equivariant spine of minimal…

We investigate the family of marked Thurston maps that are defined everywhere on the topological sphere $S^2$, potentially excluding at most countable closed set of essential singularities. We show that when an unmarked Thurston map $f$ is…

We introduce a parameterized family of invariants for $\ell$-uniform hypergraphs. To each $\mathbb{K}$-linear transformation $T:\mathbb{K}^{\ell}\to \mathbb{K}^r$ we associate a function $\mathrm{Sig}(-,T)$ that maps $\ell$-uniform…

Time has entered the domain of topological phases in the field of non-Hermitian physics. Previous studies have relied on periodic modulation in time to make an intuitive connection to established spatial topological invariants, albeit with…

The commutation relations between the generalized Pauli operators of N-qudits (i. e., N p-level quantum systems), and the structure of their maximal sets of commuting bases, follow a nice graph theoretical/geometrical pattern. One may…

A map is a connected topological graph $\Gamma$ cellularly embedded in a surface. In this paper, applying Tutte's algebraic representation of map, new ideas for enumerating non-equivalent orientable or non-orientable maps of graph are…