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We study a nonlinear interferometer consisting of two consecutive parametric amplifiers, where all three optical fields (pump, signal and idler) are treated quantum mechanically, allowing for pump depletion and other quantum phenomena. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-27 Jefferson Flórez , Enno Giese , Davor Curic , Lambert Giner , Robert W. Boyd , Jeff S. Lundeen

The hybrid interferometer integrating an optical parametric amplifier and a beam splitter has the potential to outperform the SU(1,1) interferometer. However, photon loss remains a critical limitation for practical implementation. To…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Qisi Zhou , Tao Jiang , Qingqian Kang , Teng Zhao , Xin Su , Cunjin Liu , Liyun Hu

We consider the problem of determining the spatial phase profile of a single-mode electromagnetic field. Our attention is on input states that are a statistical mixture of displaced and squeezed number states, a superset of Gaussian states.…

Optics · Physics 2024-07-09 Jacob Trzaska , Amit Ashok

Multimode quantum light has promising applications in many areas of physics, such as quantum communications and quantum computing. However, its multimode nature also makes it challenging to measure its properties. Recently [Optica Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 D. Scharwald , P. R. Sharapova

We propose a high-precision phase estimation scheme in a hybrid interferometer by synergistically combining a Kerr nonlinear phase shifter and multi-photon subtraction operations. Using a coherent state and a vacuum state as input…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Lifen Guo , Qingqian Kang , Zekun Zhao , Jifeng Sun , Teng Zhao , Cunjin Liu , Xin Su , Liyun Hu

Within the quantum phase representation we derive Heisenberg limits, in closed form, for N00N states and two other classes of states that can perform better in terms of local performance metrics relevant for multiply-peaked distributions.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-09 Scott Roger Shepard , Frederick Ira Moxley , Jonathan P. Dowling

We investigate the phase sensitivity of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer using a special class of generalized coherent states constructed from generalized Heisenberg and deformed $su(1,1)$ algebras. These states, derived from a perturbed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-03 N. E. Abouelkhir , A. Slaoui , R. Ahl Laamara

Although quantum metrology allows us to make precision measurement beyond the standard quantum limit, it mostly works on the measurement of only one observable due to Heisenberg uncertainty relation on the measurement precision of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-06 Jiamin Li , Yuhong Liu , Liang Cui , Nan Huo , Syed M Assad , Xiaoying Li , Z. Y. Ou

Compared to passive interferometers, SU(1,1) interferometers exhibit superior phase sensitivity due to the incorporation of nonlinear elements that enhance their ability to detect phase shifts. However, the precision of these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-15 Qingqian Kang , Zekun Zhao , Teng Zhao , Cunjin Liu , Liyun Hu

Over the past decade, several schemes for imaging and sensing based on nonlinear interferometers have been proposed and demonstrated experimentally. These interferometers exhibit two main advantages. First, they enable probing a sample at a…

Interferometric phase measurement is widely used to precisely determine quantities such as length, speed, and material properties. Without quantum correlations, the best phase sensitivity $\Delta\varphi$ achievable using $n$ photons is the…

The concepts of separability, entanglement, spin-squeezing and Heisenberg limit are central in the theory of quantum enhanced metrology. In the current literature, these are well established only in the case of linear interferometers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 P. Hyllus , L. Pezzé , A. Smerzi

We analyze the ultimate bounds on the phase sensitivity of an interferometer, given the constraint that the state input to the interferometer's initial 50:50 beamsplitter $B$ is a product state of the two input modes. Requiring a product…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-17 Matthias D. Lang , Carlton M. Caves

We identify precision limits for the simultaneous estimation of multiple parameters in multimode interferometers. Quantum strategies to enhance the multiparameter sensitivity are based on entanglement among particles, modes or combining…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-01 Manuel Gessner , Luca Pezzè , Augusto Smerzi

In quantum parameter estimation, the quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound (QCRB) sets a fundamental limit on the precision achievable with unbiased estimators. It relates the uncertainty in estimating a parameter to the inverse of the quantum Fisher…

Although SU(1,1) interferometry achieves Heisenberg-limited sensitivities, it suffers from one major drawback: only those particles outcoupled from the pump mode contribute to the phase measurement. Since the number of particles outcoupled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-13 Stuart S. Szigeti , Robert J. Lewis-Swan , Simon A. Haine

The success of quantum technologies is intimately connected to the possibility of using them in real-world applications. To this aim, we study the sensing capabilities of quantum SU(1,1) interferometers in the single-photon-pair regime and…

We show that the quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound on the precision of measurements of the optical phase gradient, or the wavefront tilt, with a beam of finite width is consistent with the Heisenberg uncertainty principle for a single-photon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-22 Walker Larson , Bahaa E. A. Saleh

Nonlinear SU(1,1) interferometers are fruitful and promising tools for spectral engineering and precise measurements with phase sensitivity below the classical bound. Such interferometers have been successfully realized in bulk and…

The Heisenberg limit provides a fundamental bound on the achievable estimation precision with a limited number of $N$ resources used (e.g., atoms, photons, etc.). Using entangled quantum states makes it possible to scale the precision with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-28 Wojciech Górecki