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Related papers: On the Power of Statistical Zero Knowledge

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Zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) systems have surged attention and held a fundamental role in contemporary cryptography. Zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive argument of knowledge (zk-SNARK) protocols dominate the ZKP usage, implemented…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Qizhe Yang , Boxuan Liang , Hao Chen , Guoqiang Li

Theoretical computer scientists have been debating the role of oracles since the 1970's. This paper illustrates both that oracles can give us nontrivial insights about the barrier problems in circuit complexity, and that they need not…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Scott Aaronson

This paper proves that several interactive proof systems are zero-knowledge against quantum attacks. This includes a few well-known classical zero-knowledge proof systems as well as quantum interactive proof systems for the complexity class…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 John Watrous

Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) have emerged as an important cryptographic technique allowing one party (prover) to prove the correctness of a statement to some other party (verifier) and nothing else. ZKPs give rise to user's privacy in many…

Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) enable computational integrity and privacy by allowing one party to prove the truth of a statement without revealing underlying data. Compared with alternatives such as homomorphic encryption and secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ryan Lavin , Xuekai Liu , Hardhik Mohanty , Logan Norman , Giovanni Zaarour , Bhaskar Krishnamachari

Efficient zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) have been restricted to NP statements so far, whereas they exist for all statements in PSPACE. This work presents the first practical zero-knowledge (ZK) protocols for PSPACE-complete statements by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Ashwin Karthikeyan , Hengyu Liu , Kuldeep S. Meel , Ning Luo

We initiate the study of relativistic zero-knowledge quantum proof of knowledge systems with classical communication, formally defining a number of useful concepts and constructing appropriate knowledge extractors for all the existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-18 Kaiyan Shi , Kaushik Chakraborty , Wen Yu Kon , Omar Amer , Marco Pistoia , Charles Lim

We study the classical Election problem in anonymous net- works, where solutions can rely on the use of random bits, which may be either shared or unshared among nodes. We provide a complete char- acterization of the conditions under which…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Jérémie Chalopin , Emmanuel Godard

Machine learning is increasingly deployed through outsourced and cloud-based pipelines, which improve accessibility but also raise concerns about computational integrity, data privacy, and model confidentiality. Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zhizhi Peng , Chonghe Zhao , Taotao Wang , Guofu Liao , Zibin Lin , Yifeng Liu , Bin Cao , Long Shi , Qing Yang , Shengli Zhang

Zero-Knowledge (ZK) protocols have been intensely studied due to their fundamental importance and versatility. However, quantum information's inherent differences significantly alter the landscape, necessitating a re-examination of ZK…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-08 Nai-Hui Chia , Kai-Min Chung , Xiao Liang , Jiahui Liu

In this study, we introduce a novel zero-knowledge identification scheme based on the hardness of the subgroup distance problem in the Hamming metric. The proposed protocol, named Subgroup Distance Zero Knowledge Proof (SDZKP), employs a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Cansu Betin Onur

We present ZK-SecreC, a domain-specific language for zero-knowledge proofs. We present the rationale for its design, its syntax and semantics, and demonstrate its usefulness on the basis of a number of non-trivial examples. The design…

We provide a generic construction to turn any classical Zero-Knowledge (ZK) protocol into a composable (quantum) oblivious transfer (OT) protocol, mostly lifting the round-complexity properties and security guarantees…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Léo Colisson , Garazi Muguruza , Florian Speelman

Pudl\'ak [Pud17] lists several major conjectures from the field of proof complexity and asks for oracles that separate corresponding relativized conjectures. Among these conjectures are: - $\mathsf{DisjNP}$: The class of all disjoint…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Titus Dose

Foundational results in theoretical computer science have established that everything provable, is provable in zero knowledge. However, this assertion fundamentally assumes a classical interpretation of computation and many interesting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Giulio Malavolta

Data valuation is a foundational task in data marketplaces, where a Shapley-value attribution determines how a buyer's payment is distributed among data providers. Typically, the marketplace operator runs this attribution alone, requiring…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Zhaoyu Wang , Pingchuan Ma , Zhantong Xue , Yuguang Zhou , Qixin Zhang , Xiaoqin Zhang , Shuai Wang

Many seminal results in Interactive Proofs (IPs) use algebraic techniques based on low-degree polynomials, the study of which is pervasive in theoretical computer science. Unfortunately, known methods for endowing such proofs with zero…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-04-10 Alessandro Chiesa , Michael A. Forbes , Nicholas Spooner

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, particularly those based on machine learning (ML), become integral to high-stakes applications, their probabilistic and opaque nature poses significant challenges to traditional verification and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Filippo Scaramuzza , Giovanni Quattrocchi , Damian A. Tamburri

Distributed certification is a set of mechanisms that allows an all-knowing prover to convince the units of a communication network that the network's state has some desired property, such as being 3-colorable or triangle-free. Classical…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Alex B. Grilo , Ami Paz , Mor Perry

In last years, there has been an increasing effort to leverage Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), including blockchain. One of the main topics of interest, given its importance, is the research and development of privacy mechanisms, as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Eduardo Morais , Tommy Koens , Cees van Wijk , Aleksei Koren