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Let $G$ be a finite abelian group and $p$ be the smallest prime dividing $|G|$. Let $S$ be a sequence over $G$. We say that $S$ is regular if for every proper subgroup $H \subsetneq G$, $S$ contains at most $|H|-1$ terms from $H$. Let…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-07 Weidong Gao , Yuanlin Li , Yongke Qu , Qinghong Wang

Let $p$ be an odd prime, and let $S$ be a $p$-group with a unique elementary abelian subgroup $A$ of index $p$. We classify the simple fusion systems over all such groups $S$ in which $A$ is essential. The resulting list, which depends on…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-02-02 David A. Craven , Bob Oliver , Jason Semeraro

Given two non-empty subsets $W,W'\subseteq G$ in an arbitrary abelian group $G$, $W'$ is said to be an additive complement to $W$ if $W + W'=G$ and it is minimal if no proper subset of $W'$ is a complement to $W$. The notion was introduced…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Arindam Biswas , Jyoti Prakash Saha

Let $G$ be a graph on $n$ vertices and $(H,+)$ be an abelian group. What is the minimum size ${\sf S}_H(G)$ of the set of all sums $A(u)+A(v)$ over all injections $A:V(G)\to H$? In 2012, the first author, Angel, the second author, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-04 Noga Alon , Itai Benjamini , Georgii Zakharov , Maksim Zhukovskii

We investigate subsets with small sumset in arbitrary abelian groups. For an abelian group $G$ and an $n$-element subset $Y \subseteq G$ we show that if $m \ll s^2/(\log n)^2$, then the number of subsets $A \subseteq Y$ with $|A| = s$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-15 Dingyuan Liu , Letícia Mattos , Tibor Szabó

The generalized order $e_G(g)$ of an element $g$ of a group $G$ is the smallest positive integer $k$ such that there exist $x_1,\ldots,x_k \in G$ such that $g^{x_1} \ldots g^{x_k}=1$, where $g^x=x^{-1}gx$. Let $e(G) = \max \{e_G(g)\ |\ g…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-30 Martino Garonzi , Christe Montijo , Alexandre Zalesski

Let $G$ be an additive abelian group and $S\subset G$ a subset. Let $\Sigma(S)$ denote the set of group elements which can be expressed as a sum of a nonempty subset of $S$. We say $S$ is zero-sum free if $0 \not\in \Sigma(S)$. It was…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-03 Jiangtao Peng , Wanzhen Hui

Let G be a finite additive abelian group with exponent exp(G)=n>1 and let A be a nonempty subset of {1,...,n-1}. In this paper, we investigate the smallest positive integer $m$, denoted by s_A(G), such that any sequence {c_i}_{i=1}^m with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-12-02 Sukumar Das Adhikari , David J. Grynkiewicz , Zhi-Wei Sun

Given two subsets $A, B \subseteq \mathbb{F}_p$ and a binary relation $\mathcal{R} \subseteq A \times B$, the restricted sumset of $A, B$ with respect to $\mathcal{R}$ is defined as $A +_{\mathcal{R}} B = \{ a+b \colon (a,b) \notin…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-05 Minghui Ouyang

Let $G$ be a finite abelian group, and let $S$ be a sequence over $G$. Let $f(S)$ denote the number of elements in $G$ which can be expressed as the sum over a nonempty subsequence of $S$. In this paper, we determine all the sequences $S$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-14 Pingzhi Yuan

Let $G=(\mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z) \oplus (\mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z)$. Let $\mathsf {s}_{\leq k}(G)$ be the smallest integer $\ell$ such that every sequence of $\ell$ terms from $G$, with repetition allowed, has a nonempty zero-sum subsequence with…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-17 John Ebert , David J. Grynkiewicz

Let $G$ be a finite group and assume $p$ is a prime dividing the order of $G$. Suppose for any such $p$, that every two abelian $p$-subgroups of $G$ of equal order are conjugate. The structure of such a group $G$ has been settled in this…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-10-05 Robert W. van der Waall

Let $t\geq 1$, let $A$ and $B$ be finite, nonempty subsets of an abelian group $G$, and let $A\pp{i} B$ denote all the elements $c$ with at least $i$ representations of the form $c=a+b$, with $a\in A$ and $b\in B$. For $|A|, |B|\geq t$, we…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-03-19 David J. Grynkiewicz

A corollary of Kneser's theorem, one sees that any finite non-empty subset $A$ of an abelian group $G = (G,+)$ with $|A + A| \leq (2-\eps) |A|$ can be covered by at most $\frac{2}{\eps}-1$ translates of a finite group $H$ of cardinality at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-04-04 Terence Tao

Let $p > 155$ be a prime and let $G$ be a cyclic group of order $p$. Let $S$ be a minimal zero-sum sequence with elements over $G$, i.e., the sum of elements in $S$ is zero, but no proper nontrivial subsequence of $S$ has sum zero. We call…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-09 Jiangtao Peng , Fang Sun

In this paper we highlight a few open problems concerning maximal sum-free sets in abelian groups. In addition, for most even order abelian groups $G$ we asymptotically determine the number of maximal distinct sum-free subsets in $G$. Our…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Nathanaël Hassler , Andrew Treglown

In this paper we discuss some of the key properties of sum-free subsets of abelian groups. Our discussion has been designed with a broader readership in mind, and is hence not overly technical. We consider answers to questions like: how…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-28 Renato Cordeiro de Amorim

Let $G$ be a finite abelian group and $p$ be the smallest prime dividing $|G|$. Let $S$ be a sequence over $G$. We say that $S$ is regular if for every proper subgroup $H \subsetneq G$, $S$ contains at most $|H|-1$ terms from $H$. Let…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-16 Yongke Qu , Yuanlin Li

Given a finite subset A of an abelian group G, we study the set k \wedge A of all sums of k distinct elements of A. In this paper, we prove that |k \wedge A| >= |A| for all k in {2,...,|A|-2}, unless k is in {2,|A|-2} and A is a coset of an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-06-27 Benjamin Girard , Simon Griffiths , Yahya Ould Hamidoune

Let $G$ be a finite abeilian group. A sequence $S$ with terms from $G$ is zero-sum if the sum of terms in $S$ equals zero. It is a minimal zero-sum sequence if no proper, nontrivial subsequence is zero-sum. The maximal length of a minimal…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-01-25 Weidong Gao , Alfred Geroldinger , David J. Grynkiewicz