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Understanding the energy consumption pattern in the built environment is invaluable for the evaluation of the sources of energy wastage and the development of strategies for efficient energy management. An integrated monitoring system that…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Vincent Gbouna Zakka , Minhyun Lee

Embedded Systems combine one or more processor cores with dedicated logic running on an ASIC or FPGA to meet design goals at reasonable cost. It is achieved by profiling the application with variety of aspects like performance, memory…

Performance · Computer Science 2013-12-12 Rajendra Patel , Arvind Rajwat

This study confronts the growing challenges of energy consumption and the depletion of energy resources, particularly in the context of smart buildings. As the demand for energy increases alongside the necessity for efficient building…

Integrating renewable energy sources into the power grid is becoming increasingly important as the world moves towards a more sustainable energy future in line with SDG 7. However, the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources can…

The amount of energy consumed during the execution of software, and the ability to predict future consumption, is an important factor in the design of embedded electronic systems. In this technical report I examine factors in the execution…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-11-11 Jeremy Morse

This paper presents EnergyAnalyzer, a code-level static analysis tool for estimating the energy consumption of embedded software based on statically predictable hardware events. The tool utilises techniques usually used for worst-case…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Simon Wegener , Kris K. Nikov , Jose Nunez-Yanez , Kerstin Eder

Estimates of energy usage in layers of computing from devices to algorithms have been determined and analyzed. Building on the previous analysis [3], energy needed from single devices and systems including three large-scale computing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Sadasivan Shankar

As a model-free optimization and decision-making method, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been widely applied to the filed of energy management in energy Internet. While, some DRL-based energy management schemes also incorporate the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-07 Zhaoming Qin , Huaying Zhang , Yuzhou Zhao , Hong Xie , Junwei Cao

Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) is an advanced, and cost-effective technique for monitoring appliance-level energy consumption. However, its adaptability is hindered by the lack of transparency and explainability. To address this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-17 Grigorii Gerasimov , Ilia Kamyshev , Sahar Moghimian Hoosh , Elena Gryazina , Henni Ouerdane

Non-intrusive load monitoring or energy disaggregation involves estimating the power consumption of individual appliances from measurements of the total power consumption of a home. Deep neural networks have been shown to be effective for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Cillian Brewitt , Nigel Goddard

Despite the rapid advancements in 5G technology, accurately assessing the energy consumption of its Radio Access Networks (RANs) remains a challenge due to the diverse range of applicable technologies and implementation solutions. Designing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Anderson L de Araujo , Luc Deneire , Guillaume Urvoy-Keller , André L F de Almeida

The rising energy demands of machine learning (ML), e.g., implemented in popular variants like retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems, have raised significant concerns about their environmental sustainability. While previous research…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zhinuan Guo , Chushu Gao , Justus Bogner

Renewable energy integration into microgrids has become a key approach to addressing global energy issues such as climate change and resource scarcity. However, the variability of renewable sources and the rising occurrence of High Impact…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-12 Mohammad Hossein Nejati Amiri , Fawaz Annaz , Mario De Oliveira , Florimond Gueniat

Energy disaggregation is the process of estimating the energy consumed by individual electrical appliances given only a time series of the whole-home power demand. Energy disaggregation researchers require datasets of the power demand from…

Databases · Computer Science 2015-09-23 Jack Kelly , William Knottenbelt

This paper proposes a three-dimensional (3D) geometry-based channel model to accurately represent intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS)-enhanced integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) networks using rate-splitting multiple access…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Zhangfeng Ma , Ruichen Zhang , Bo Ai , Zhuxian Lian , Linzhou Zeng , Dusit Niyato

This paper introduces an infrastructure-aware benchmarking framework for quantifying the environmental footprint of LLM inference across 30 state-of-the-art models in commercial datacenters. The framework combines public API performance…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Nidhal Jegham , Marwan Abdelatti , Chan Young Koh , Lassad Elmoubarki , Abdeltawab Hendawi

The state-of-the-art smart city has been calling for an economic but efficient energy management over large-scale network, especially for the electric power system. It is a critical issue to monitor, analyze and control electric loads of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-24 Yiwen Xu , Dengfeng Liu , Liangtao Huang , Zhiquan Lin , Tiesong Zhao , Sam Kwong

Profiling various application characteristics, including the number of different arithmetic operations performed, memory footprint, etc., dynamically is time- and space-consuming. On the other hand, static analysis methods, although fast,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Atanu Barai , Nandakishore Santhi , Abdur Razzak , Stephan Eidenbenz , Abdel-Hameed A. Badawy

Energy prediction in buildings plays a crucial role in effective energy management. Precise predictions are essential for achieving optimal energy consumption and distribution within the grid. This paper introduces a Long Short-Term Memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Aditya Mishra , Haroon R. Lone , Aayush Mishra

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a de-facto technology for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, promising very low energy consumption. However, this low energy consumption accounts only for the radio part, and it overlooks the energy…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Luisa Schuhmacher , Sofie Pollin , Hazem Sallouha