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We present a framework for analyzing the exact dynamics of a class of online learning algorithms in the high-dimensional scaling limit. Our results are applied to two concrete examples: online regularized linear regression and principal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-13 Chuang Wang , Jonathan Mattingly , Yue M. Lu

Many online learning algorithms, including classical online PCA methods, enforce explicit normalization steps that discard the evolving norm of the parameter vector. We show that this norm can in fact encode meaningful information about the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-02 Samet Demir , Zafer Dogan

Sparse principal component analysis (PCA) is an important technique for dimensionality reduction of high-dimensional data. However, most existing sparse PCA algorithms are based on non-convex optimization, which provide little guarantee on…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-20 Yixuan Qiu , Jing Lei , Kathryn Roeder

We analyze the dynamics of an online algorithm for independent component analysis in the high-dimensional scaling limit. As the ambient dimension tends to infinity, and with proper time scaling, we show that the time-varying joint empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Chuang Wang , Yue M. Lu

Oja's algorithm for Streaming Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for $n$ data-points in a $d$ dimensional space achieves the same sin-squared error $O(r_{\mathsf{eff}}/n)$ as the offline algorithm in $O(d)$ space and $O(nd)$ time and a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-12 Syamantak Kumar , Purnamrita Sarkar

When applying principal component analysis (PCA) for dimension reduction, the most varying projections are usually used in order to retain most of the information. For the purpose of anomaly and change detection, however, the least varying…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-08-07 Martin Tveten , Ingrid K. Glad

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a classical method for dimensionality reduction based on extracting the dominant eigenvectors of the sample covariance matrix. However, PCA is well known to behave poorly in the ``large $p$, small $n$''…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-08-26 Arash A. Amini , Martin J. Wainwright

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methods are efficient tools to reduce the dimension (or the number of variables) of complex data. Sparse principal components (PCs) are easier to interpret than conventional PCs, because most…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-04-22 Dan Shen , Haipeng Shen , J. S. Marron

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used dimension reduction technique in machine learning and multivariate statistics. To improve the interpretability of PCA, various approaches to obtain sparse principal direction loadings have…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Agniva Chowdhury , Petros Drineas , David P. Woodruff , Samson Zhou

We analyze a practical algorithm for sparse PCA on incomplete and noisy data under a general non-random sampling scheme. The algorithm is based on a semidefinite relaxation of the $\ell_1$-regularized PCA problem. We provide theoretical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-06 Hanbyul Lee , Qifan Song , Jean Honorio

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a classical dimension reduction method which projects data onto the principal subspace spanned by the leading eigenvectors of the covariance matrix. However, it behaves poorly when the number of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-05-27 Zongming Ma

This paper proposes a novel sparse principal component analysis algorithm with self-learning ability for successive modes, where synaptic intelligence is employed to measure the importance of variables and a regularization term is added to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Jingxin Zhang , Donghua Zhou , Maoyin Chen

Sparse principal component analysis (sparse PCA) is a widely used technique for dimensionality reduction in multivariate analysis, addressing two key limitations of standard PCA. First, sparse PCA can be implemented in high-dimensional low…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Jan O. Bauer

This work studies estimation of sparse principal components in high dimensions. Specifically, we consider a class of estimators based on kernel PCA, generalizing the covariance thresholding algorithm proposed by Krauthgamer et al. (2015).…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-10 Michael J. Feldman , Theodor Misiakiewicz , Elad Romanov

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (sPCA) is a cardinal technique for obtaining combinations of features, or principal components (PCs), that explain the variance of high-dimensional datasets in an interpretable manner. This involves…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Ryan Cory-Wright , Jean Pauphilet

We study distributed principal component analysis (PCA) in high-dimensional settings under the spiked model. In such regimes, sample eigenvectors can deviate significantly from population ones, introducing a persistent bias. Existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-29 Weiming Li , Zeng Li , Siyu Wang , Yanqing Yin , Junpeng Zhu

We study the problem of estimating the leading eigenvectors of a high-dimensional population covariance matrix based on independent Gaussian observations. We establish lower bounds on the rates of convergence of the estimators of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-02-07 Debashis Paul , Iain M. Johnstone

In this paper we initiate the study of whether or not sparse estimation tasks can be performed efficiently in high dimensions, in the robust setting where an $\eps$-fraction of samples are corrupted adversarially. We study the natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-02 Jerry Li

Sparse PCA is one of the most well-studied problems in high-dimensional statistics. In this problem, we are given samples from a distribution with covariance $\Sigma$, whose top eigenvector $v \in R^d$ is $s$-sparse. Existing sparse PCA…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-04 Syamantak Kumar , Purnamrita Sarkar , Kevin Tian , Peiyuan Zhang

We study a practical algorithm for sparse principal component analysis (PCA) of incomplete and noisy data. Our algorithm is based on the semidefinite program (SDP) relaxation of the non-convex $l_1$-regularized PCA problem. We provide…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-16 Hanbyul Lee , Qifan Song , Jean Honorio
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