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In this pedagogical text aimed at those wanting to start thinking about or brush up on probabilistic inference, I review the rules by which probability distribution functions can (and cannot) be combined. I connect these rules to the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2012-05-22 David W. Hogg

One of the fundamental problems in machine learning is the estimation of a probability distribution from data. Many techniques have been proposed to study the structure of data, most often building around the assumption that observations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-02-22 Oren Rippel , Ryan Prescott Adams

Recent literature in the last Maximum Entropy workshop introduced an analogy between cumulative probability distributions and normalized utility functions. Based on this analogy, a utility density function can de defined as the derivative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-11-10 Ali E. Abbas

This note examines the infinite divisibility of density-based transformations of normal random variables. We characterize a class of density-based transformations of normal variables which produces non-infinitely divisible distributions. We…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-08-03 A. Murillo-Salas , F. J. Rubio

The phenomenon of superconvergence is proved for all freely infinitely divisible distributions. Precisely, suppose that the partial sums of a sequence of free identically distributed, infinitesimal random variables converge in distribution…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-03-16 Hari Bercovici , Jiun-Chau Wang , Ping Zhong

The joint probability distribution function (PDF) of the density within multiple concentric spherical cells is considered. It is shown how its cumulant generating function can be obtained at tree order in perturbation theory as the Legendre…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-19 Francis Bernardeau , Christophe Pichon , Sandrine Codis

We develop a scaling theory for KPZ growth in one dimension by a detailed study of the polynuclear growth (PNG) model. In particular, we identify three universal distributions for shape fluctuations and their dependence on the macroscopic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Michael Praehofer , Herbert Spohn

From a suitable integral representation of the Laplace transform of a positive semi-definite quadratic form of independent real random variables with not necessarily identical densities a univariate integral representation is derived for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-11-01 T. Royen

A probabilistic circuit (PC) succinctly expresses a function that represents a multivariate probability distribution and, given sufficient structural properties of the circuit, supports efficient probabilistic inference. Typically a PC…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Oliver Broadrick , William Cao , Benjie Wang , Martin Trapp , Guy Van den Broeck

We introduce a new class of multiplications of distributions in one dimension merging together two different regularizations of distributions. Some of the features of these multiplications are discussed in a certain detail. We use our…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-04-02 F. Bagarello

In the author's PhD thesis (2019) universal envelopes were introduced as a tool for studying the continuously obtainable information on discontinuous functions. To any function $f \colon X \to Y$ between $\operatorname{qcb}_0$-spaces one…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Eike Neumann

Transformers are often the go-to architecture to build foundation models that ingest a large amount of training data. But these models do not estimate the probability density distribution when trained on regression problems, yet obtaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Henry W. Leung , Jo Bovy , Joshua S. Speagle

As inductive inference and machine learning methods in computer science see continued success, researchers are aiming to describe ever more complex probabilistic models and inference algorithms. It is natural to ask whether there is a…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-11-19 Nathanael L. Ackerman , Cameron E. Freer , Daniel M. Roy

This paper introduces and characterizes a new family of continuous probability distributions applicable to norm distributions in three-dimensional random spaces, specifically for the Euclidean norm of three random Gaussian variables with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Seyed Mohammad Azimi-Abarghouyi

Quantization for a probability distribution refers to the idea of estimating a given probability by a discrete probability supported by a finite number of points. In this paper, firstly a general approach to this process is outlined using…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-26 Joseph Rosenblatt , Mrinal Kanti Roychowdhury

The paper considers the distribution of a general linear combination of central and non-central chi-square random variables by exploring the branch cut regions that appear in the standard Laplace inversion process. Due to the original…

Computation · Statistics 2023-05-15 Alfred Kume , Tomonari Sei , Andrew T. A. Wood

Computing the similarity between two probability distributions is a recurring theme across control. We introduce a unified family of distances between the probability distributions of two random variables that is based on the discrepancy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-03 Alexandros E. Tzikas , Arec Jamgochian , Nazim Kemal Ure , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , Stephen P. Boyd

A partial differential equation governing the global evolution of the joint probability distribution of an arbitrary number of local flow observations, drawn randomly from a control volume, is derived and applied to examples involving…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-01-14 John Craske , Paul Mannix

In this paper, we analyze the set of all possible aggregate distributions of the sum of standard uniform random variables, a simply stated yet challenging problem in the literature of distributions with given margins. Our main results are…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-10-02 Tiantian Mao , Bin Wang , Ruodu Wang

Recently a distribution free approach for testing parametric hypotheses based on unitary transformations has been suggested in \cite{Khm13, Khm16, Khm17} and further studied in \cite{Ngu17} and \cite{Rob19}. In this note we show that the…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-10 Estate V. Khmaladze