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Related papers: Lexical-Morphological Modeling for Legal Text Anal…

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Large Language Models (LLMs) are often used as automated judges to evaluate text, but their effectiveness can be hindered by various unintentional biases. We propose using linear classifying probes, trained by leveraging differences between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Sharan Maiya , Yinhong Liu , Ramit Debnath , Anna Korhonen

Legal interpretation is a linguistic venture. In judicial opinions, for example, courts are often asked to interpret the text of statutes and legislation. As time has shown, this is not always as easy as it sounds. Matters can hinge on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Megan Ma , Bryan Wilson

This paper addresses the task of legal summarization, which involves distilling complex legal documents into concise, coherent summaries. Current approaches often struggle with content theme deviation and inconsistent writing styles due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-27 T. Y. S. S. Santosh , Chen Jia , Patrick Goroncy , Matthias Grabmair

The probing classifiers framework has been employed for interpreting deep neural network models for a variety of natural language processing (NLP) applications. Studies, however, have largely focused on sentencelevel NLP tasks. This work is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Barry Wang , Xinya Du , Claire Cardie

We introduce COREQQA, a tool for assisting requirements engineers in acquiring a better understanding of compliance requirements by means of automated Question Answering. Extracting compliance-related requirements by manually navigating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Sallam Abualhaija , Chetan Arora , Lionel Briand

We propose end-to-end document classification and key information extraction (KIE) for automating document processing in forms. Through accurate document classification we harness known information from templates to enhance KIE from forms.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Ciaran Cooney , Joana Cavadas , Liam Madigan , Bradley Savage , Rachel Heyburn , Mairead O'Cuinn

Question answering (QA) in law is a challenging problem because legal documents are much more complicated than normal texts in terms of terminology, structure, and temporal and logical relationships. It is even more difficult to perform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Thi-Hai-Yen Vuong , Ha-Thanh Nguyen , Quang-Huy Nguyen , Le-Minh Nguyen , Xuan-Hieu Phan

Transforming legal text into executable decision logic is a longstanding challenge in legal informatics. With the rise of LLMs, this task has gained renewed interest, but remains challenging due to requiring extensive manual coding and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 David Graus

The growing adoption of large language models in legal practice brings both significant promise and serious risk. Legal professionals stand to benefit from AI that can reason over contracts, draft documents, and analyze sources at scale,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Olivia Peiyu Wang , Leilani H. Gilpin

Information extraction (IE) from Visually Rich Documents (VRDs) containing layout features along with text is a critical and well-studied task. Specialized non-LLM NLP-based solutions typically involve training models using both textual and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Aniket Bhattacharyya , Anurag Tripathi , Ujjal Das , Archan Karmakar , Amit Pathak , Maneesh Gupta

Research in Document Intelligence and especially in Document Key Information Extraction (DocKIE) has been mainly solved as Token Classification problem. Recent breakthroughs in both natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Laurent Lam , Pirashanth Ratnamogan , Joël Tang , William Vanhuffel , Fabien Caspani

A legal document is usually long and dense requiring human effort to parse it. It also contains significant amounts of jargon which make deriving insights from it using existing models a poor approach. This paper presents the approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Anshika Gupta , Shaz Furniturewala , Vijay Kumari , Yashvardhan Sharma

The profusion of knowledge encoded in large language models (LLMs) and their ability to apply this knowledge zero-shot in a range of settings makes them promising candidates for use in decision-making. However, they are currently limited by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Gabriel Freedman , Adam Dejl , Deniz Gorur , Xiang Yin , Antonio Rago , Francesca Toni

This paper proposes a knowledge-based legal document assembly method that uses a machine-readable representation of knowledge of legal professionals. This knowledgebase has two components - the formal knowledge of legal norms represented as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Marko Marković , Stevan Gostojić

In populous countries, pending legal cases have been growing exponentially. There is a need for developing techniques for processing and organizing legal documents. In this paper, we introduce a new corpus for structuring legal documents.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Prathamesh Kalamkar , Aman Tiwari , Astha Agarwal , Saurabh Karn , Smita Gupta , Vivek Raghavan , Ashutosh Modi

Organizations developing machine learning-based (ML) technologies face the complex challenge of achieving high predictive performance while respecting the law. This intersection between ML and the law creates new complexities. As ML model…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Mathias Hanson , Gregory Lewkowicz , Sam Verboven

Rules are pervasive in the law. In the context of computer engineering, the translation of legal text to algorithmic form is seemingly direct. In large part, law may be a ripe field for expert systems and machine learning. For engineers,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Megan Ma , Dmitriy Podkopaev , Avalon Campbell-Cousins , Adam Nicholas

Cross-lingual document search is an information retrieval task in which the queries' language differs from the documents' language. In this paper, we study the instability of neural document search models and propose a novel end-to-end…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Jiapeng Liu , Xiao Zhang , Dan Goldwasser , Xiao Wang

Although many attempts at automated aids for legal drafting have been made, they were based on the construction of a new tool, completely from scratch. This is at least curious, considering that a strong parallelism can be established…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2011-09-14 Daniel Gorín , Sergio Mera , Fernando Schapachnik

This report addresses the challenge of limited labeled datasets for developing legal recommender systems, particularly in specialized domains like labor disputes. We propose a new approach leveraging the co-citation of legal articles within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Chao-Lin Liu , Po-Hsien Wu , Yi-Ting Yu