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Recent high-precision experimental confirmations of quantum complementarity have revitalized foundational debates about measurement, description, and realism. This article argues that complementarity is most productively interpreted as an…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-23 Lalit Kumar Shukla

Quantum mechanics may be formulated as SENSIBLE QUANTUM MECHANICS (SQM) so that it contains nothing probabilistic, except, in a certain frequency sense, conscious perceptions. Sets of these perceptions can be deterministically realized with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Don N. Page

Since its inception, many physicists have seen in quantum mechanics the possibility, if not the necessity, of bringing cognitive aspects into the play, which were instead absent, or unnoticed, in the previous classical theories. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-16 Diederik Aerts , Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi , Sandro Sozzo , Tomas Veloz

Behavioural economics provides labels for patterns in human economic behaviour. Probability weighting is one such label. It expresses a mismatch between probabilities used in a formal model of a decision (i.e. model parameters) and…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-05-04 Ole Peters , Alexander Adamou , Mark Kirstein , Yonatan Berman

We establish connections between the requirement of measurability of a probability space and the principle of complimentarity in quantum mechanics. It is shown that measurability of a probability space implies the dependence of results of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. A. Slavnov

We attempt to contribute some novel points of view to the "foundations of quantum mechanics", using mathematical tools from "quantum probability theory" (such as the theory of operator algebras). We first introduce an abstract algebraic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-08 J. Fröhlich , B. Schubnel

We develop the contextual measurement model (CMM) which is used for clarification of the quantum foundations. This model matches with Bohr's views on the role of experimental contexts. CMM is based on contextual probability theory which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-21 Andrei Khrennikov

I show that probabilities in quantum mechanics are a measure of belief in the presence of human ignorance, just like all other probabilities. The Born interpretation of the square of modulus of the wave function arises from the interaction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Frank J. Tipler

Quantum mechanics may be formulated as Sensible Quantum Mechanics (SQM) so that it contains nothing probabilistic, except, in a certain frequency sense, conscious perceptions. Sets of these perceptions can be deterministically realized with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 Don N. Page

This article summarizes the Quantum Bayesian point of view of quantum mechanics, with special emphasis on the view's outer edges---dubbed QBism. QBism has its roots in personalist Bayesian probability theory, is crucially dependent upon the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-29 Christopher A. Fuchs

It is argued that Feynman's rules for evaluating probabilities, combined with von Neumann's principle of psycho-physical parallelism, help avoid inconsistencies, often associated with quantum theory. The former allows one to assign…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-02 Dmitri Sokolovski

We discuss how the apparently objective probabilities predicted by quantum mechanics can be treated in the framework of Bayesian probability theory, in which all probabilities are subjective. Our results are in accord with earlier work by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Mark Srednicki

Quantum Boltzmann machines (QBMs) are machine-learning models for both classical and quantum data. We give an operational definition of QBM learning in terms of the difference in expectation values between the model and target, taking into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-13 Luuk Coopmans , Marcello Benedetti

Recent works have shown that defining a behavioural equivalence that matches the observational properties of a quantum-capable, concurrent, non-deterministic system is a surprisingly difficult task. We explore coalgebras over distributions…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Lorenzo Ceragioli , Elena Di Lavore , Giuseppe Lomurno , Gabriele Tedeschi

Bounds on quantum probabilities and expectation values are derived for experimental setups associated with Bell-type inequalities. In analogy to the classical bounds, the quantum limits are experimentally testable and therefore serve as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stefan Filipp , Karl Svozil

A large number of studies in cognitive science have revealed that probabilistic outcomes of certain human decisions do not agree with the axioms of classical probability theory. The field of Quantum Cognition provides an alternative…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Sagar Uprety , Prayag Tiwari , Shahram Dehdashti , Lauren Fell , Dawei Song , Peter Bruza , Massimo Melucci

We stress the notion of statistical experiment, which is mandatory for quantum mechanics, and recall Ludwig's foundation of quantum mechanics, which provides the most general framework to deal with statistical experiments giving evidence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Lanz , B. Vacchini , O. Melsheimer

Is quantum mechanics about 'states'? Or is it basically another kind of probability theory? It is argued that the elementary formalism of quantum mechanics operates as a well-justified alternative to 'classical' instantiations of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-28 Jean-Michel Delhotel

In this paper, we introduce elements of probabilistic model that is suitable for modeling of learning algorithms in biologically plausible artificial neural networks framework. Model is based on two of the main concepts in quantum physics -…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2010-01-26 Marko V. Jankovic

An out of the box intellectual path exploring the foundations of quantum mechanics is discussed in some detail, in order to clarify why a possibly different way to look at the relevant fundamental questions can be identified and can support…

General Physics · Physics 2012-11-06 Alberto Ottolenghi