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We analyze the ultimate bounds on the phase sensitivity of an interferometer, given the constraint that the state input to the interferometer's initial 50:50 beamsplitter $B$ is a product state of the two input modes. Requiring a product…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-17 Matthias D. Lang , Carlton M. Caves

We design and demonstrate a monolithically integrated silicon photonic multichannel optical hybrid for versatile broadband coherent reception, addressing the critical limitations of current wavelength multiplexed systems in scalability and…

We present an approach to fabrication and packaging of integrated photonic devices that utilizes waveguide and detector layers deposited at near-ambient temperature. All lithography is performed with a 365 nm i-line stepper, facilitating…

We realize quantum gates for path qubits with a high-speed, polarization-independent and tunable beam splitter. Two electro-optical modulators act in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer as high-speed phase shifters and rapidly tune its splitting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 Xiao-song Ma , Stefan Zotter , Nuray Tetik , Angie Qarry , Thomas Jennewein , Anton Zeilinger

A beam splitter is a key component used to direct and combine light paths in various optical and microwave systems. It plays a crucial role in devices like interferometers, such as the Mach-Zehnder and Hong-Ou-Mandel setups, where it splits…

The Mach-Zehnder interferometer is a fundamental tool for measuring phase shifts between two light paths, serving as a crucial prototype for achieving high-precision measurements in various scientific and technological applications. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-29 Bing-Shu Hu , Xiao-Ming Lu

High-performance programmable silicon photonic circuits are considered to be a critical part of next generation architectures for optical processing, photonic quantum circuits and neural networks. Low-loss optical phase change materials…

We present an optimized Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) with phase change materials for photonic neural networks (PNNs). With 0.2 dB loss, -38 dB crosstalk, and length of 52 micrometer, the designed MZI significantly improves the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Amin Shafiee , Sanmitra Banerjee , Benoit Charbonnier , Sudeep Pasricha , Mahdi Nikdast

Intensity modulators are fundamental components for integrated photonics. From near infrared to visible spectral ranges, they find applications in optical communication and quantum technologies. In particular, they are required for the…

We present a setup to perform sub shot noise measurements of the phase quadrature for intense pulsed light without the use of a separate local oscillator. A Mach--Zehnder interferometer with an unbalanced arm length is used to detect the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 O. Glöckl , U. L. Andersen , S. Lorenz , Ch. Silberhorn , N. Korolkova , G. Leuchs

We demonstrate the first active optical isolator and circulator implemented in a linear and reciprocal material platform using commercial Mach-Zehnder modulators. In a proof-of-principle experiment based on single-mode…

A photonics-assisted analog wideband RF self-interference (SI) cancellation and frequency downconversion approach for in-band full-duplex (IBFD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with adaptive digital amplitude and delay…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-12 Taixia Shi , Yang Chen

We report on a new mechanism of giant phase modulation. The phenomenon arises when a dispersed photonic mode (slow light) strongly couples to an excitonic resonance. In such a case, even a small amount of optically injected carriers creates…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-08-26 C. Sturm , D. Tanese , H. S. Nguyen , H. Flayac , E. Gallopin , A. Lemaître , I. Sagnes , D. Solnyshkov , A. Amo , G. Malpuech , J. Bloch

We propose a method to map the conventional optical interferometry setup into quantum circuits. The unknown phase shift inside a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the presence of photon loss is estimated by simulating the quantum circuits. For…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-04 Peyman Najafi , Ghasem Naeimi , Shahpoor Saeidian

In this work, we discuss two phase-measurement methods for the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) in the presence of internal losses and give the corresponding optimum conditions. We find theoretically that when the core parameters…

Optics · Physics 2023-02-23 Wenfeng Huang , Xinyun Liang , Chun-Hua Yuan , Weiping Zhang , Liqing Chen

Here we are investigating the enhancement in phase sensitivity and resolution in Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based quantum LiDAR. We are using multi-photonic state (MPS), superposition of four coherent states [1], as the input state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-04 Priyanka Sharma , Manoj K. Mishra , Devendra Kumar Mishra

Using multi-photon entangled input states, we estimate the phase uncertainty in a noiseless Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) using photon-counting detection. We assume a flat prior uncertainty and use Bayesian inference to construct a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-04 Shreyas Sadugol , Lev Kaplan

Photon addition operations applied to squeezed states have been shown to significantly enhance phase sensitivity. In this study, we extend this approach by applying photon addition not only to coherent states but also within a Mach--Zehnder…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Qisi Zhou , Qingqian Kang , Teng Zhao , Xin Su , Cunjin Liu , Liyun Hu

Photonic integrated circuits offer a compact and stable platform for generating, manipulating, and detecting light. They are instrumental for classical and quantum applications. Imperfections stemming from fabrication constraints,…

The Mach--Zehnder interferometer is a powerful device for detecting small phase shifts between two light beams. Simple input states -- such as coherent states or single photons -- can reach the standard quantum limit of phase estimation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Ondřej Černotík , Iivari Pietikäinen , Shruti Puri , S. M. Girvin , Radim Filip