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As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly assist secure software development, their ability to meet the rigorous demands of Rust program verification remains unclear. Existing evaluations treat Rust verification as a black box, assessing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Zichen Xie , Wenxi Wang

Functional verification remains a critical bottleneck in modern IC development cycles, accounting for approximately 70% of total development time in many projects. However, traditional methods, including constrained-random and formal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Junyue Wang , Zhicheng Yao , Yan Pi , Xiaolong Li , Fangyuan Song , Jinru Wang , Yunlong Xie , Sa Wang , Yungang Bao

Data analytics using GUI-based dataflows is an iterative process in which an analyst makes many iterations of changes to refine the dataflow, generating a different version at each iteration. In many cases, the result of executing a…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Sadeem Alsudais , Avinash Kumar , Chen Li

The integration of Formal Verification tools with Large Language Models (LLMs) offers a path to scale software verification beyond manual workflows. However, current methods remain unreliable: without a solid theoretical footing, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-18 PIerre Dantas , Lucas Cordeiro , Youcheng Sun , Waldir Junior

This work presents AEQUAM (Area Efficient QUAntum eMulation), a toolchain that enables faster and more accessible quantum circuit verification. It consists of a compiler that translates OpenQASM 2.0 into RISC-like instructions, Cython…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-28 Lorenzo Lagostina , Deborah Volpe , Maurizio Zamboni , Giovanna Turvani

As large language models (LLMs) become integral to code-related tasks, a central question emerges: Do LLMs truly understand program semantics? We introduce EquiBench, a new benchmark for evaluating LLMs through equivalence checking, i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Anjiang Wei , Jiannan Cao , Ran Li , Hongyu Chen , Yuhui Zhang , Ziheng Wang , Yuan Liu , Thiago S. F. X. Teixeira , Diyi Yang , Ke Wang , Alex Aiken

Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools are software applications used by engineers in the design, development, simulation, and verification of electronic systems and integrated circuits. These tools typically process specifications…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Rafael Sumitani , João Victor Amorim , Augusto Mafra , Mirlaine Crepalde , Fernando Magno Quintão Pereira

Recent advancements in code generation have shown remarkable success across software domains, yet hardware description languages (HDLs) such as Verilog remain underexplored due to their concurrency semantics, syntactic rigidity, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Fu Teng , Miao Pan , Xuhong Zhang , Zhezhi He , Yiyao Yang , Xinyi Chai , Mengnan Qi , Liqiang Lu , Jianwei Yin

LLMs face significant challenges in Verilog generation due to limited domain-specific knowledge. While sampling techniques improve pass@k metrics, hardware engineers need one trustworthy solution rather than uncertain candidates. To bridge…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Guang Yang , Wei Zheng , Xiang Chen , Yifan Sun , Fengji Zhang , Terry Yue Zhuo

LLMs have been extensively used for the task of automated code generation. In this work, we examine the applicability of LLMs for the related but relatively unexplored task of code-equivalence checking, i.e., given two programs, whether…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Neeva Oza , Ishaan Govil , Parul Gupta , Dinesh Khandelwal , Dinesh Garg , Parag Singla

2LS ("tools") is a verification tool for C programs, built upon the CPROVER framework. It allows one to verify user-specified assertions, memory safety properties (e.g. buffer overflows), numerical overflows, division by zero, memory leaks,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Daniel Kroening , Viktor Malík , Peter Schrammel , Tomáš Vojnar

The transition from single-core to multi-core processors has made multi-threaded software an important subject in computer aided verification. Here, we describe and evaluate an extension of the ESBMC model checker to support the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-03-22 Lucas Cordeiro , Bernd Fischer

Process equivalences are formal methods that relate programs and system which, informally, behave in the same way. Since there is no unique notion of what it means for two dynamic systems to display the same behaviour there are a multitude…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-10-10 Martin Lange , Etienne Lozes , Manuel Vargas Guzmán

Critical embedded systems (CES) have become ubiquitous in whether medical, automotive, or industrial. Software failures in such systems are potentially disastrous and could lead to serious consequences not only financially but also…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Hafsa Cheddadi , Saad Motahhir , Abdelaziz El Ghzizal

The verification throughput is becoming a major challenge bottleneck, since the complexity and size of SoC designs are still ever increasing. Simply adding more CPU cores and running more tests in parallel will not scale anymore. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Deepak Narayan Gadde , Sebastian Simon , Djones Lettnin , Thomas Ziller

Scaling test-time compute has emerged as a key strategy for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), particularly in tasks like mathematical problem-solving. A traditional approach, Self-Consistency (SC),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Nishad Singhi , Hritik Bansal , Arian Hosseini , Aditya Grover , Kai-Wei Chang , Marcus Rohrbach , Anna Rohrbach

Increasing system-on-chip (SoC) heterogeneity, deep hardware/software integration, and the proliferation of third-party intellectual property (IP) have brought security validation to the forefront of semiconductor design. While simulation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Tanvir Rahman , Shuvagata Saha , Ahmed Y. Alhurubi , Sujan Kumar Saha , Farimah Farahmandi , Mark Tehranipoor

The Barcelona Zetascale Lab (BZL) project aims to strengthening Europe's capacity in the design and manufacture of RISC-V based high-performance computing chips. In this context, we present a holistic pre-silicon verification and validation…

In high-level synthesis (HLS), C/C++ programs with synthesis directives are used to generate circuits for FPGA implementations. However, hardware-specific and platform-dependent characteristics in these implementations can introduce…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Kangwei Xu , Bing Li , Grace Li Zhang , Ulf Schlichtmann

High-performance computing often relies on parallel programming models such as MPI for distributed-memory systems. While powerful, these models are prone to subtle programming errors, leading to development of multiple correctness checking…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Yussur Mustafa Oraji , Christian Bischof