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Recent research showed promising results on combining pretrained language models (LMs) with canonical utterance for few-shot semantic parsing. The canonical utterance is often lengthy and complex due to the compositional structure of formal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Jingfeng Yang , Haoming Jiang , Qingyu Yin , Danqing Zhang , Bing Yin , Diyi Yang

Relating formal grammars is a hard problem that balances between language equivalence (which is known to be undecidable) and grammar identity (which is trivial). In this paper, we investigate several milestones between those two extremes…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-03-31 Vadim Zaytsev

We describe a corpus-based induction algorithm for probabilistic context-free grammars. The algorithm employs a greedy heuristic search within a Bayesian framework, and a post-pass using the Inside-Outside algorithm. We compare the…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Stanley F. Chen

Grammatical error correction, like other machine learning tasks, greatly benefits from large quantities of high quality training data, which is typically expensive to produce. While writing a program to automatically generate realistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Sudhanshu Kasewa , Pontus Stenetorp , Sebastian Riedel

Grammar-based compression is a loss-less data compression scheme that represents a given string $w$ by a context-free grammar that generates only $w$. While computing the smallest grammar which generates a given string $w$ is NP-hard in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-18 Takuya Mieno , Shunsuke Inenaga , Takashi Horiyama

A controversial test for Large Language Models concerns the ability to discern possible from impossible language. While some evidence attests to the models' sensitivity to what crosses the limits of grammatically impossible language, this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Evelina Leivada , Raquel Montero , Paolo Morosi , Natalia Moskvina , Tamara Serrano , Marcel Aguilar , Fritz Guenther

Sequence comparison is a prerequisite to virtually all comparative genomic analyses. It is often realised by sequence alignment techniques, which are computationally expensive. This has led to increased research into alignment-free…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-06-08 Panagiotis Charalampopoulos , Maxime Crochemore , Gabriele Fici , Robert Mercas , Solon P. Pissis

Inspired by regularization techniques in statistics and machine learning, we study complementary composite minimization in the stochastic setting. This problem corresponds to the minimization of the sum of a (weakly) smooth function endowed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Alexandre d'Aspremont , Cristóbal Guzmán , Clément Lezane

Language models can be prompted to perform a wide variety of zero- and few-shot learning problems. However, performance varies significantly with the choice of prompt, and we do not yet understand why this happens or how to pick the best…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Hila Gonen , Srini Iyer , Terra Blevins , Noah A. Smith , Luke Zettlemoyer

We train neural networks to optimize a Minimum Description Length score, i.e., to balance between the complexity of the network and its accuracy at a task. We show that networks optimizing this objective function master tasks involving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Nur Lan , Michal Geyer , Emmanuel Chemla , Roni Katzir

In the dictionary learning (or sparse coding) problem, we are given a collection of signals (vectors in $\mathbb{R}^d$), and the goal is to find a "basis" in which the signals have a sparse (approximate) representation. The problem has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Aditya Bhaskara , Wai Ming Tai

Improving the previously known best bound, we show that any recursively enumerable language can be generated with a non-returning parallel communicating (PC) grammar system having six context-free components. We also present a non-returning…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2009-07-30 Erzsébet Csuhaj-Varjú , György Vaszil

Despite the remarkable advances in language modeling, current mainstream decoding methods still struggle to generate texts that align with human texts across different aspects. In particular, sampling-based methods produce less-repetitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Haozhe Ji , Pei Ke , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

We develop a formal grammatical system called a link grammar, show how English grammar can be encoded in such a system, and give algorithms for efficiently parsing with a link grammar. Although the expressive power of link grammars is…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Daniel D. K. Sleator , Davy Temperley

Modern language models (LMs) exhibit strong deductive reasoning capabilities, yet standard evaluations emphasize correctness while overlooking a key aspect of reasoning: efficiency. In real-world reasoning scenarios, much of the available…

Probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFGs) are used to define distributions over strings, and are powerful modelling tools in a number of areas, including natural language processing, software engineering, model checking, bio-informatics,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-07-08 Colin de la Higuera , James Scicluna , Mark-Jan Nederhof

Context-free languages are widely used to describe the syntax of programming languages and natural languages. Usually, we describe a context-free language mathematically with the help of context-free grammar (for generation) or pushdown…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Krasimir Yordzhev

The minimum rank problem for a (simple) graph $G$ is to determine the smallest possible rank over all real symmetric matrices whose $ij$th entry (for $i\neq j$) is nonzero whenever $\{i,j\}$ is an edge in $G$ and is zero otherwise. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-09 Shaun Fallat , Leslie Hogben

An approximate textual retrieval algorithm for searching sources with high levels of defects is presented. It considers splitting the words in a query into two overlapping segments and subsequently building composite regular expressions…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Pere Constans

Sequence comparison is a prerequisite to virtually all comparative genomic analyses. It is often realized by sequence alignment techniques, which are computationally expensive. This has led to increased research into alignment-free…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-12-23 Maxime Crochemore , Gabriele Fici , Robert Mercaş , Solon P. Pissis