Related papers: Modeling Chebyshev's Bias in the Gaussian Primes a…

For positive integers $q$, Dirichlet's theorem states that there are infinitely many primes in each reduced residue class modulo $q$. A stronger form of the theorem states that the primes are equidistributed among the $\varphi(q)$ reduced…

The Polya number of a classical random walk on a regular lattice is known to depend solely on the dimension of the lattice. For one and two dimensions it equals one, meaning unit probability to return to the origin. This result is extremely…

For any $k\geq 1$, we study the distribution of the difference between the number of integers $n\leq x$ with $\omega(n)=k$ or $\Omega(n)=k$ in two different arithmetic progressions, where $\omega(n)$ is the number of distinct prime factors…

We generalize current known distribution results on Shanks--R\'enyi prime number races to the case where arbitrarily many residue classes are involved. Our method handles both the classical case that goes back to Chebyshev and function…

Random walks on the circle group $\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}$ whose elementary steps are lattice variables with span $\alpha \not\in \mathbb{Q}$ or $p/q \in \mathbb{Q}$ taken mod $\mathbb{Z}$ exhibit delicate behavior. In the rational case we…

We construct a collection of matrices defined by quadratic residue symbols, termed "quadratic residue matrices", associated to the splitting behavior of prime ideals in a composite of quadratic extensions of $\mathbb{Q}$, and prove a simple…

A quantum walk is the quantum analogue of a random walk. While it is relatively well understood how quantum walks can speed up random walk hitting times, it is a long-standing open question to what extent quantum walks can speed up the…

In this paper we discuss the generalizations of the concept of Chebyshev's bias from two perspectives. First we give a general framework for the study of prime number races and Chebyshev's bias attached to general $L$-functions satisfying…

Let $x,h$ and $Q$ be three parameters. We show that, for most moduli $q\le Q$ and for most positive real numbers $y\le x$, every reduced arithmetic progression $a\mod q$ has approximately the expected number of primes $p$ from the interval…

In recent years, computer simulations are playing a fundamental role in unveiling some of the most intriguing features of prime numbers. In this work, we define an algorithm for a deterministic walk through a two-dimensional grid that we…

While the sequence of primes is very well distributed in the reduced residue classes (mod $q$), the distribution of pairs of consecutive primes among the permissible $\phi(q)^2$ pairs of reduced residue classes (mod $q$) is surprisingly…

Let $p$ be a prime number and $\left(\frac{\cdot}{p}\right)$ be the Legendre symbol modulo $p$. The \emph{Legendre path} attached to $p$ is the polygonal path whose vertices are the normalized character sums $\frac{1}{\sqrt{p}} \sum_{n\leq…

Let $\chi$ be a Dirichlet character mod $D$ with $L(s,\chi)$ its associated $L$-function, and let $\psi(x,q,a)$ be, as usual, Chebyshev's prime-counting function for the primes of the arithmetic progression $a$ (mod $q$) with $(a,q)=1$. For…

An interesting question, known as the Gaussian moat problem, asks whether it is possible to walk to infinity on Gaussian primes with steps of bounded length. Our work examines a similar situation in the real quadratic integer ring…

For a continuous-time quantum walk on a line the variance of the position observable grows quadratically in time, whereas, for its classical counterpart on the same graph, it exhibits a linear, diffusive, behaviour. A quantum walk, thus,…

Let $p$ be an odd prime. For each integer $a$ with $p\nmid a$, the famous Zolotarev's Lemma says that the Legendre symbol $(\frac{a}{p})$ is the sign of the permutation of $\Z/p\Z$ induced by multiplication by $a$. The extension of…

Quantum walks are counterparts of classical random walks. They spread faster, which can be exploited in information processing tasks, and constitute a versatile simulation platform for many quantum systems. Yet, some of their properties can…

When confined to a topological environment consisting of a cycle coupled with a half-line, quantum walks exhibit long-term statistical tendencies which differ dramatically from the tendencies of classical random walks in the same…

Let $s(n)$ denote the number of ones in the binary expansion of a natural number $n\in\mathbb{N}$. For any $t\in\mathbb{N}$ and $d\in\mathbb{Z}$, let $\mu_t(d)$ denote the asymptotic density of the set of those natural numbers $n$ for which…

The sequence of the primes $p$ for which a variety over $\mathbb{Q}$ has no $p$-adic point plays a fundamental role in arithmetic geometry. This sequence is deterministic, however, we prove that if we choose a typical variety from a family…