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Carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars are ancient stars enriched in carbon and heavy elements. Some of these stars exhibit enhanced s-process and/or r-process elements, hence are classified as CEMP-s, CEMP-rs, or CEMP-r. This…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-16 A. M. Riyas , D. Karinkuzhi , S. Van Eck , A. Choplin , S. Goriely , L. Siess , M. V. Keerthy , A. Jorissen , T. Merle

Approximately 20% of very metal-poor stars ([Fe/H] < -2.0) are strongly enhanced in carbon ([C/Fe] > +1.0). Such stars are referred to as carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars. We present a chemical abundance analysis based on high…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 N. T. Behara , P. Bonifacio , H. -G. Ludwig , L. Sbordone , J. I. Gonzalez Hernandez , E. Caffau

During the last several decades, there have been a number of advances in understanding the rapid neutron-capture process (i.e., the r-process). These advances include large quantities of high-resolution spectroscopic abundance data of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 John J. Cowan , Christopher Sneden

Abundance observations indicate the presence of rapid-neutron capture (i.e., r-process) elements in old Galactic halo and globular cluster stars. These observations provide insight into the nature of the earliest generations of stars in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-29 J. J. Cowan , C. Sneden , J. E. Lawler , E. A. Den Hartog

We have derived the stellar atmospheric parameters, the effective temperature T$_{eff}$, the microturbulent velocity $\zeta$, the surface gravity log g, and the metallicity [Fe/H] for HE 0017+0055, HE 2144-1832, HE 2339-0837, HD 145777, and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-12 Partha Pratim Goswami , Rajeev Singh Rathour , Aruna Goswami

High-resolution spectroscopic observations of a hundred metal-poor Carbon and s-rich stars (CEMP-s) collected from the literature are compared with the theoretical nucleosynthesis models of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) presented in Paper I…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 S. Bisterzo , R. Gallino , O. Straniero , S. Cristallo , F. Kaeppeler

Neutron captures produce the vast majority of abundances of elements heavier than iron in the Universe. Beyond the classical slow (s) and rapid (r) processes, there is observational evidence for neutron-capture processes that operate at…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-11 Maria Lugaro , Marco Pignatari , René Reifarth , Michael Wischer

The astrophysical origin of the rapid neutron-capture process (r-process), which produces about half of the elements heavier than iron, remains uncertain. The oldest, most metal-poor stars preserve the chemical signatures of early…

In a brief review of abundances neutron-capture elements (Z > ~30) in metal-poor halo stars, attention is called to their star-to-star scatter, the dominance of r-process synthesis at lowest metallicities, the puzzle of the lighter members…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-03 C. Sneden , J. J. Cowan , J. W. Truran

The rapid neutron-capture process ($r$-process) has for the first time been confirmed to take place in a neutron-star merger event. A detailed understanding of the rapid neutron-capture process is one of the holy grails in nuclear…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-01-24 I. K. B. Kullmann , E. W. Hafli , A. C. Larsen , E. Lima

This work describes a study of elemental abundances for 30 metal-poor stars whose chemical abundances provide excellent information for setting constraints on models of neutron-capture processes. Based on the abundances of main r- and weak…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Hongjie Li , Xiaojing Shen , Shuai Liang , Wenyuan Cui , Bo Zhang

Abundance observations indicate the presence of rapid-neutron capture (i.e., r-process) elements in old Galactic halo and globular cluster stars. These observations demonstrate that the earliest generations of stars in the Galaxy,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-23 J. J. Cowan , C. Sneden

New elemental abundances for the neutron-capture elements Sr, Nb, Mo, Ru, La, Sm, and Eu are presented for a large sample of 180 barium (Ba) giant stars, a class of chemically peculiar objects that exhibit in their spectra enhancements of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-19 M. P. Roriz , M. Lugaro , C. B. Pereira , C. Sneden , S. Junqueira , A. I. Karakas , N. A. Drake

Type I planetary nebulae (PNe) have high He/H and N/O ratios and are thought to be descendants of stars with initial masses of ~3-8Msun. These characteristics indicate that the progenitor stars experienced proton-capture nucleosynthesis at…

We have compiled composition, luminosity, and binarity information for carbon-enhanced, metal-poor (CEMP) stars reported by recent studies. We divided the CEMP star sample into two classes, having high and low abundances, respectively, of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 S. G. Ryan , W. Aoki , J. E. Norris , T. C. Beers

We present the first detailed and homogeneous analysis of the s-element content in Galactic carbon stars of N-type. Abundances of Sr,Y, Zr (low-mass s-elements, or ls) and of Ba, La, Nd, Sm and Ce (high-mass s-elements, hs) are derived…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 C. Abia , I. Dominguez , R. Gallino , M. Busso , S. Masera , O. Straniero , P. de Laverny , B. Plez , J. Isern

M15 is a globular cluster with a known spread in neutron-capture elements. This paper presents abundances of neutron-capture elements for 62 stars in M15. Spectra were obtained with the Michigan/Magellan Fiber System (M2FS) spectrograph,…

We investigate the enrichment in elements produced by the slow neutron-capture process ($s$-process) in the globular clusters M4 (NGC 6121) and M22 (NGC 6656). Stars in M4 have homogeneous abundances of Fe and neutron-capture elements, but…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 Luke J. Shingles , Amanda I. Karakas , Raphael Hirschi , Cherie K. Fishlock , David Yong , Gary S. Da Costa , Anna F. Marino

The rapid neutron-capture process or r-process is thought to produce the majority of the heavy elements (Z > 30) in extremely metal-poor stars. The same process is also responsible for a significant fraction of the heavy elements in the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-13 Andrew R. Casey , Kevin C. Schlaufman

Barium stars show enhanced abundances of the slow neutron capture (s-process) heavy elements, and for this reason they are suitable objects for the study of s-process elements. The aim of this work is to quantify the contributions of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Dinah M. Allen , Beatriz Barbuy