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Nanopores in solid state membranes are a tool able to probe nanofluidic phenomena or can act as a single molecular sensor. They also have diverse applications in filtration, desalination or osmotic power generation. Many of these…

We investigate a physical divergence of the third order polarization susceptibility representing a photoinduced current in biased crystalline insulators. This current grows quadratically with illumination time in the absence of momentum…

Collisionless shocks tend to send charged particles into the upstream, driving electric currents through the plasma. Using kinetic particle-in-cell simulations, we investigate how the background thermal plasma neutralizes such currents in…

Electrophoresis is a motion of charged dispersed particles relative to a fluid in a uniform electric field. The effect is widely used to separate macromolecules, to assemble colloidal structures, to transport particles in nano- and…

We theoretically examine generation of spin-polarized current using multi-terminated quantum dot with spin-orbit interaction. First, a two-level quantum dot is analyzed as a minimal model, which is connected to $N$ ($\ge 2$) external leads…

The classical theory of electrokinetic phenomena assumes a dilute solution of point-like ions in chemical equilibrium with a surface whose double-layer voltage is of order the thermal voltage, $k_BT/e = 25$ mV. In nonlinear…

We report that electricity can be generated from limitless thermal motion of ions by two dimensional (2D) surface of silicon wafer at room temperature. A typical silicon device, on which asymmetric electrodes with Au and Ag thin films were…

Spin current plays a central role in spintronics. In particular, finding more efficient ways to generate spin current has been an important issue and studied actively. For example, representative methods of spin current generation include…

After the electromagnetic generator, searching for novel electric generators without strong magnetic field is highly demanded. The generator without strong magnetic field calls for a physical picture distinct from the traditional…

We study phonons generated by current in a Pt nanowire, by measuring resistance of another nanowire separated from the first one by an insulating spacer. For thin spacers, the resistance varies almost linearly with current at cryogenic…

We reformulate and extend porous electrode theory for non-ideal active materials, including those capable of phase transformations. Using principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, we relate the cell voltage, ionic fluxes, and Faradaic…

Controlling the flow of matter down to micrometer-scale confinement is of central importance in materials and environmental sciences, with direct applications in nano-microfluidics, drug delivery and biothechnology. Currents of…

Janus --or two-sided, charged membranes offer promise as ionic current rectifiers. In such systems, pores consisting of two regions of opposite charge can be used to generate a current from a gradient in salinity. The efficiency of…

We demonstrate a new, nonlinear optical effect of electric currents. First, a steady current is generated by applying a voltage on a doped GaAs crystal. We demonstrate that this current induces second-harmonic generation of a probe laser…

The detection of apparent anomalous forces in the vicinity of high-Tc superconductors under non equilibrium conditions has stimulated an experimental research in which the operating parameters of the experiment have been pushed to values…

Water electrolysis performed in microsystems with a fast change of voltage polarity produces optically invisible nanobubbles containing H2 and O2 gases. In this form the gases are able to the reverse reaction of water formation. Here we…

Electrons in double-layer semiconductor heterostructures experience a special type of spin-orbit interaction which arises in each layer from the perpendicular component of the Coulomb electric field created by electron density fluctuations…

We have observed an unusual dc current spontaneously generated in the conducting channel of a short-gated GaAs transistor. The magnitude and direction of this current critically depend upon the voltage applied to the gate. We propose that…

Superconductivity is a phenomena where an external-feeding current flows through the system without voltage drop. This indicates the existence of an energy minimum under the current feeding boundary condition. Although it is believed that…

Generation of anomalously energetic suprathermal electrons was observed in simulation of a high- voltage dc discharge with electron emission from the cathode. An electron beam produced by the emission interacts with the nonuniform plasma in…