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Delta-self-consistent field theory (delta-SCF) is a conceptually simple and computationally inexpensive method for finding excited states. Using the maximum overlap method to guide optimization of the excited state, delta-SCF has been shown…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Susannah Bourne Worster , Oliver Feighan , Frederick R. Manby

We present a modification of the $\Delta$SCF method of calculating energies of excited states, in order to make it applicable to resonance calculations of molecules adsorbed on metal surfaces, where the molecular orbitals are highly…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-03-06 Jeppe Gavnholt , Thomas Olsen , Mads Engelund , Jakob Schiøtz

The development of variational density functional theory approaches to excited electronic states is impeded by limitations of the commonly used self-consistent field (SCF) procedure. A method based on a direct optimization approach as well…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-11-09 Gianluca Levi , Aleksei V. Ivanov , Hannes Jónsson

State-specific electronic structure theory provides a route towards balanced excited-state wave functions by exploiting higher-energy stationary points of the electronic energy. Multiconfigurational wave function approximations can describe…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Antoine Marie , Hugh G. A. Burton

We present a first principles strategy for developing state-specific density functional approximations for excited states. We first clarify why approaches based on conventional ground state approximations miss density-driven correlations,…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-06-09 Tim Gould , Stephen G Dale , Leeor Kronik , Stefano Pittalis

In this work, we revisited the idea of using the coupled-cluster ground state formalism to target excited states. Our main focus was targeting doubly excited states and double core hole states. Typical equation-of-motion (EOM) approaches…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-12-04 Joonho Lee , David W. Small , Martin Head-Gordon

We extend ground-state density-functional theory to excited states and provide the theoretical formulation for the widely used $\Delta SCF$ method for calculating excited-state energies and densities. As the electron density alone is…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-03-08 Weitao Yang , Paul W. Ayers

Recent work from our research group has demonstrated that symmetry-projected Hartree--Fock (HF) methods provide a compact representation of molecular ground state wavefunctions based on a superposition of non-orthogonal Slater determinants.…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Carlos A. Jiménez-Hoyos , R. Rodríguez-Guzmán , Gustavo E. Scuseria

$\Delta$SCF with constrained occupations have been wildly used to investigate the excited-state and optical properties of defects. Recent studies have demonstrated that combining $\Delta$SCF with hybrid functionals yields good accuracy in…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-05-09 Yihuang Xiong , Geoffroy Hautier

The computation of excited electronic states with commonly employed (approximate) methods is challenging, typically yielding states of lower quality than the corresponding ground state for a higher computational cost. In this work, we…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-04-01 Nell Karpinski , Pablo Ramos , Michele Pavanello

Density functional theory (DFT) is a widespread and effective tool in electronic structure calculations for ground-state electron systems. Its success has prompted exploration into the use of DFT for non-collective excited states. The delta…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-08-12 Ethan Pollack , Rohan Maniar , John P. Perdew

Orbital-optimized density functional theory (DFT) has emerged as an alternative to time-dependent (TD) DFT capable of describing difficult excited states with significant electron density redistribution, such as charge-transfer, Rydberg,…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Hanh D. M. Pham , Rustam Z. Khaliullin

We present a formulation of excited state mean-field theory in which the derivatives with respect to the wave function parameters needed for wave function optimization (not to be confused with nuclear derivatives) are expressed analytically…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-06-24 Luning Zhao , Eric Neuscamman

We present a method for finding individual excited states' energy stationary points in complete active space self-consistent field theory that is compatible with standard optimization methods and highly effective at overcoming difficulties…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-04-12 Lan Nguyen Tran , Jacqueline A. R. Shea , Eric Neuscamman

We present a general approach to converge excited state solutions to any quantum chemistry orbital optimization process, without the risk of variational collapse. The resulting Square Gradient Minimization (SGM) approach only requires…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-03-11 Diptarka Hait , Martin Head-Gordon

We reexamine $\Delta$CCSD, a state-specific coupled-cluster (CC) with single and double excitations (CCSD) approach that targets excited states through the utilization of non-Aufbau determinants. This methodology is particularly efficient…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-06-13 Yann Damour , Anthony Scemama , Denis Jacquemin , Fábris Kossoski , Pierre-François Loos

We present a mean field theory for excited states that is broadly analogous to ground state Hartree-Fock theory. Like Hartree-Fock, our approach is deterministic, state-specific, applies a variational principle to a minimally correlated…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-08-28 Jacqueline A. R. Shea , Eric Neuscamman

To describe excited states, the electron density alone being insufficient, we use the noninteracting reference density matrix $\gamma_{s}({\bf x},{\bf x}')$ based on the recently established foundation for the $\Delta SCF$ theory, in which…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-08-20 Weitao Yang , Yichen Fan

Solving excited states is a challenging task for interacting systems. For one-dimensional critical systems, however, excited states can be directly accessed from the eigenvectors of the local effective Hamiltonian that is constructed from…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-05-28 Denise Cocchiarella , Mingru Yang , Yueshui Zhang , Mari Carmen Bañuls , Hong-Hao Tu , Yuhan Liu

State-specific complete active space self-consistent field (SS-CASSCF) theory has emerged as a promising route to accurately predict electronically excited energy surfaces away from molecular equilibria. However, its accuracy and…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-02-21 Sandra Saade , Hugh G. A. Burton
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