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Recent observations of the interactions between radio sources and the X-ray-emitting gas in cooling flows in the cores of clusters of galaxies are reviewed. The radio sources inflate bubbles in the X-ray gas, which then rise buoyantly…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Elizabeth L. Blanton

Four decades ago, the firm detection of an Fe-K emission feature in the X-ray spectrum of the Perseus cluster revealed the presence of iron in its hot intracluster medium (ICM). With more advanced missions successfully launched over the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-02-07 F. Mernier , V. Biffi , H. Yamaguchi , P. Medvedev , A. Simionescu , S. Ettori , N. Werner , J. S. Kaastra , J. de Plaa , L. Gu

The XRISM Resolve X-ray spectrometer allows to gain detailed insight into gas motions of the intra cluster medium (ICM) of galaxy clusters. Current simulation studies focus mainly on statistical comparisons, making the comparison to the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-16 Frederick Groth , Milena Valentini , Benjamin A. Seidel , Stephan Vladutescu-Zopp , Veronica Biffi , Klaus Dolag , Jenny G. Sorce

The distribution of metals and temperature in the intracluster medium (ICM) provides key insights into galaxy cluster evolution, revealing information about chemical enrichment and heating and cooling processes, respectively. To access this…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-05-01 Yiwei Zhang , Xun Shi , Daisuke Nagai

We study the similarities of jet-medium interactions in several quite different astrophysical systems using 2D and 3D hydrodynamical numerical simulations, and find many similarities. The systems include cooling flow (CF) clusters of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Noam Soker , Muhammad Akashi , Avishai Gilkis , Shlomi Hillel , Oded Papish , Michael Refaelovich , Danny Tsebrenko

By combining large-scale mosaics of ROSAT PSPC, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku X-ray observations, we present evidence for large-scale motions in the intracluster medium of the nearby, X-ray bright Perseus Cluster. These motions are suggested by…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 A. Simionescu , N. Werner , O. Urban , S. W. Allen , A. C. Fabian , J. S. Sanders , A. Mantz , P. E. J. Nulsen , Y. Takei

(Abridged) Existing models invoking AGN activty to resolve the cooling flow conundrum in galaxy clusters focus exclusively on the role of the central galaxy. Such models require fine-tuning of highly uncertain microscopic transport…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Adi Nusser , Joseph Silk , Arif Babul

Extended warm and cold gas nebulae, with complex morphologies and kinematics, have been observed in the centres of cool-core galaxy clusters. Their origin within the hot intracluster medium (ICM) is still puzzling, and among many…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-22 Stefano Sotira , Martin A. Bourne , Debora Sijacki , Franco Vazza , Fabrizio Brighenti

This is the first attempt to construct detailed X-ray spectra of clusters of galaxies from the results of high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations and simulate X-ray observations in order to study velocity fields of the intracluster medium…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Yutaka Fujita , Tomoaki Matsumoto , Keiichi Wada , Tae Furusho

Clusters of galaxies are the most massive gravitationally-bound objects in the Universe and are still forming. They are thus important probes of cosmological parameters and a host of astrophysical processes. Knowledge of the dynamics of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-07-20 Hitomi Collaboration , Felix Aharonian , Hiroki Akamatsu , Fumie Akimoto , Steven W. Allen , Naohisa Anabuki , Lorella Angelini , Keith Arnaud , Marc Audard , Hisamitsu Awaki , Magnus Axelsson , Aya Bamba , Marshall Bautz , Roger Blandford , Laura Brenneman , Gregory V. Brown , Esra Bulbul , Edward Cackett , Maria Chernyakova , Meng Chiao , Paolo Coppi , Elisa Costantini , Jelle de Plaa , Jan-Willem den Herder , Chris Done , Tadayasu Dotani , Ken Ebisawa , Megan Eckart , Teruaki Enoto , Yuichiro Ezoe , Andrew Fabian , Carlo Ferrigno , Adam Foster , Ryuichi Fujimoto , Yasushi Fukazawa , Akihiro Furuzawa , Massimiliano Galeazzi , Luigi Gallo , Poshak Gandhi , Margherita Giustini , Andrea Goldwurm , Liyi Gu , Matteo Guainazzi , Yoshito Haba , Kouichi Hagino , Kenji Hamaguchi , Ilana Harrus , Isamu Hatsukade , Katsuhiro Hayashi , Takayuki Hayashi , Kiyoshi Hayashida , Junko Hiraga , Ann Hornschemeier , Akio Hoshino , John Hughes , Ryo Iizuka , Hajime Inoue , Yoshiyuki Inoue , Kazunori Ishibashi , Manabu Ishida , Kumi Ishikawa , Yoshitaka Ishisaki , Masayuki Itoh , Naoko Iyomoto , Jelle Kaastra , Timothy Kallman , Tuneyoshi Kamae , Erin Kara , Jun Kataoka , Satoru Katsuda , Junichiro Katsuta , Madoka Kawaharada , Nobuyuki Kawai , Richard Kelley , Dmitry Khangulyan , Caroline Kilbourne , Ashley King , Takao Kitaguchi , Shunji Kitamoto , Tetsu Kitayama , Takayoshi Kohmura , Motohide Kokubun , Shu Koyama , Katsuji Koyama , Peter Kretschmar , Hans Krimm , Aya Kubota , Hideyo Kunieda , Philippe Laurent , Francois Lebrun , Shiu-Hang Lee , Maurice Leutenegger , Olivier Limousin , Michael Loewenstein , Knox S. Long , David Lumb , Grzegorz Madejski , Yoshitomo Maeda , Daniel Maier , Kazuo Makishima , Maxim Markevitch , Hironori Matsumoto , Kyoko Matsushita , Dan McCammon , Brian McNamara , Missagh Mehdipour , Eric Miller , Jon Miller , Shin Mineshige , Kazuhisa Mitsuda , Ikuyuki Mitsuishi , Takuya Miyazawa , Tsunefumi Mizuno , Hideyuki Mori , Koji Mori , Harvey Moseley , Koji Mukai , Hiroshi Murakami , Toshio Murakami , Richard Mushotzky , Ryo Nagino , Takao Nakagawa , Hiroshi Nakajima , Takeshi Nakamori , Toshio Nakano , Shinya Nakashima , Kazuhiro Nakazawa , Masayoshi Nobukawa , Hirofumi Noda , Masaharu Nomachi , Steve O'Dell , Hirokazu Odaka , Takaya Ohashi , Masanori Ohno , Takashi Okajima , Naomi Ota , Masanobu Ozaki , Frits Paerels , Stephane Paltani , Arvind Parmar , Robert Petre , Ciro Pinto , Martin Pohl , F. Scott Porter , Katja Pottschmidt , Brian Ramsey , Christopher Reynolds , Helen Russell , Samar Safi-Harb , Shinya Saito , Kazuhiro Sakai , Hiroaki Sameshima , Goro Sato , Kosuke Sato , Rie Sato , Makoto Sawada , Norbert Schartel , Peter Serlemitsos , Hiromi Seta , Megumi Shidatsu , Aurora Simionescu , Randall Smith , Yang Soong , Lukasz Stawarz , Yasuharu Sugawara , Satoshi Sugita , Andrew Szymkowiak , Hiroyasu Tajima , Hiromitsu Takahashi , Tadayuki Takahashi , Shin'ichiro Takeda , Yoh Takei , Toru Tamagawa , Keisuke Tamura , Takayuki Tamura , Takaaki Tanaka , Yasuo Tanaka , Yasuyuki Tanaka , Makoto Tashiro , Yuzuru Tawara , Yukikatsu Terada , Yuichi Terashima , Francesco Tombesi , Hiroshi Tomida , Yohko Tsuboi , Masahiro Tsujimoto , Hiroshi Tsunemi , Takeshi Tsuru , Hiroyuki Uchida , Hideki Uchiyama , Yasunobu Uchiyama , Shutaro Ueda , Yoshihiro Ueda , Shiro Ueno , Shin'ichiro Uno , Meg Urry , Eugenio Ursino , Cor de Vries , Shin Watanabe , Norbert Werner , Daniel Wik , Dan Wilkins , Brian Williams , Shinya Yamada , Hiroya Yamaguchi , Kazutaka Yamaok , Noriko Y. Yamasaki , Makoto Yamauchi , Shigeo Yamauchi , Tahir Yaqoob , Yoichi Yatsu , Daisuke Yonetoku , Atsumasa Yoshida , Takayuki Yuasa , Irina Zhuravleva , Abderahmen Zoghbi

Active galactic nucleus (AGNs) feedback is widely accepted as the key mechanism to suppress cooling flows in galaxy clusters. However, the dependence of heating efficiency on jet properties is not fully understood. In this work, we present…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-13 Tzu-Wei Tsai , Hsiang-Yi Karen Yang

Modern hydrodynamical simulations offer nowadays a powerful means to trace the evolution of the X-ray properties of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) during the cosmological history of the hierarchical build up of galaxy clusters. In this…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 S. Borgani , A. Diaferio , K. Dolag , S. Schindler

Major mergers between galaxy clusters can produce large turbulent and bulk flow velocities in the intra-cluster medium and thus imprint diagnostic features in X-ray spectral emission lines from heavy ions. As demonstrated by Hitomi in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-20 Veronica Biffi , John A. ZuHone , Tony Mroczkowski , Esra Bulbul , William Forman

Understanding heating processes in galaxy clusters is essential for predicting the regulation of radiative cooling and star formation, and for clarifying the mechanisms underlying active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback in cool-core…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-31 Moun Meenakshi , Rainer Weinberger , Christoph Pfrommer , Thomas Berlok

We have performed a series of N-body/hydrodynamical (TreeSPH) simulations of clusters and groups of galaxies, selected from cosmological N-body simulations within a $\Lambda$CDM framework: these objects have been re-simulated at higher…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-12-18 A. D. Romeo , J. Sommer-Larsen , L. Portinari , V. Antonuccio-Delogu

It is well known that the radiative cooling time of the hot X-ray emitting gas in the cores of most clusters of galaxies is less than 10^10 yr. In many clusters the gas temperature also drops towards the centre. If we draw a causal…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 A. C. Fabian , J. S. Sanders

Buoyant bubbles of relativistic plasma are essential for active galactic nucleus feedback in galaxy clusters, stirring and heating the intracluster medium (ICM). Observations suggest that these rising bubbles maintain their integrity and…

We present the results of high-resolution AP3M+SPH simulations of merging clusters of galaxies. We find that the compression and shocking of the core gas during a merger can lead to large increases in bolometric X-ray luminosities and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 Benedict W. Ritchie , Peter A. Thomas

We present three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of buoyant gas in a typical cluster environment. The hot matter was injected continuously into a small region off-set from the cluster centre. In agreement with previous analytic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Bruggen , C. R. Kaiser , E. Churazov , T. A. Ensslin

X-ray observations of galaxy groups and clusters are inconsistent with the predictions of the simplest hierarchical clustering models, wherein non-baryonic and baryonic components are assembled together under the sole influence of gravity.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Michael Loewenstein