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There is a problem with the foundations of classical mathematics, and potentially even with the foundations of computer science, that mathematicians have by-and-large ignored. This essay is a call for practicing mathematicians who have been…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-09-23 Jonathan Lenchner

In a decision problem, observations are said to be material if they must be taken into account to perform optimally. Decision problems have an underlying (graphical) causal structure, which may sometimes be used to evaluate certain…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2024-07-16 Ryan Carey , Sanghack Lee , Robin J. Evans

Issues related to a materialist philosophy are explored as concerns the implied equivalence of computers running software and human observers. One issue explored concerns the measurement process in quantum mechanics. Another issue explored…

General Literature · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Douglas M. Snyder

To better understand the deep significance of our best physical theories it could be interesting to compare our Universe with its models. It may happen that the differences between the model and reality can be made indistinguishable, to the…

General Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Giorgio Fontana

At the intersection of what I call uncomputable art and computational epistemology, a form of experimental philosophy, we find an exciting and promising area of science related to causation with an alternative, possibly best possible,…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Hector Zenil

Some contemporary views of the universe assume information and computation to be key in understanding and explaining the basic structure underpinning physical reality. We introduce the Computable Universe exploring some of the basic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-06-05 Hector Zenil

In resisting attempts to explain the unity of a whole in terms of a multiplicity of interacting parts, quantum mechanics calls for an explanatory concept that proceeds in the opposite direction: from unity to multiplicity. It concerns the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-12 Ulrich Mohrhoff

Despite the success of modern physics in formulating mathematical theories that can predict the outcome of quantum-scale experiments, the physical interpretations of these theories remain controversial. In this manuscript, we propose a new…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2013-12-09 Stuart Heinrich

The syntactic nature of logic and computation separates them from other fields of mathematics. Nevertheless, syntax has been the only way to adequately capture the dynamics of proofs and programs such as cut-elimination, and the finiteness…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-06-14 Norihiro Yamada

Measurement incompatibility is the most basic resource that distinguishes quantum from classical physics. Contextuality is the critical resource behind the power of some models of quantum computation and is also a necessary ingredient for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-20 Zhen-Peng Xu , Adán Cabello

Quantum theory (QT) has been confirmed by numerous experiments, yet we still cannot fully grasp the meaning of the theory. As a consequence, the quantum world appears to us paradoxical. Here we shed new light on QT by having it follow from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-12 Alessio Benavoli , Alessandro Facchini , Marco Zaffalon

In this paper we present a proof system that operates on graphs instead of formulas. Starting from the well-known relationship between formulas and cographs, we drop the cograph-conditions and look at arbitrary undirected) graphs. This…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Matteo Acclavio , Ross Horne , Lutz Straßburger

A perplexing problem in understanding physical reality is why the universe seems comprehensible, and correspondingly why there should exist physical systems capable of comprehending it. In this essay I explore the possibility that rather…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-11-10 Sara Imari Walker

This paper examines whether unitary evolution alone is sufficient to explain emergence of the classical world from the perspective of computability theory. Specifically, it looks at the problem of how the choice related to the measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-27 Subhash Kak

There is a cognitive limit in Human Mind. This cognitive limit has played a decisive role in almost all fields including computer sciences. The cognitive limit replicated in computer sciences is responsible for inherent Computational…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Asad Malik

Quantum theory (QT) has been confirmed by numerous experiments, yet we still cannot fully grasp the meaning of the theory. As a consequence, the quantum world appears to us paradoxical. Here we shed new light on QT by being based on two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-21 Alessio Benavoli , Alessandro Facchini , Marco Zaffalon

More than a speculative technology, quantum computing seems to challenge our most basic intuitions about how the physical world should behave. In this thesis I show that, while some intuitions from classical computer science must be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Scott Aaronson

A system's apparent simplicity depends on whether it is represented classically or quantally. This is not so surprising, as classical and quantum physics are descriptive frameworks built on different assumptions that capture, emphasize, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-01 Cina Aghamohammadi , John R. Mahoney , James P. Crutchfield

We argue that computation is an abstract algebraic concept, and a computer is a result of a morphism (a structure preserving map) from a finite universal semigroup.

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-06-11 Attila Egri-Nagy

As illustrated by Schrodingers cat, there are often several macroscopically different versions of reality simultaneously existing in the wave function. On the face of it, this would seem to imply that an observer could perceive a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-18 Casey Blood
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