Related papers: On Particles and Primes
A simple and general law of mass, intrinsically with zero freely-adaptable parameters, is shown to be valid for all the hadrons with one or more flavored (s, c, or b) quarks/antiquarks, both baryons and mesons. It establishes…
A carefully constructed explanation of my connection of the real normed division algebras to the particles, charges and fields of the Standard Model of quarks and leptons provided to an interested group of attendees of the 2nd Mile High…
This thesis constitutes a first attempt to derive aspects of standard model particle physics from little more than an algebra. Here, we argue that physical concepts such as particles, causality, and irreversible time may result from the…
After two decades of a development of the unitary and analytic models of the electromagnetic structure of hadrons and nuclei their main principles are briefly formulated, then a general scheme of their applications to the electromagnetic,…
We present a complete set of generators for the rank 5 special unitary group, SU(6), to unify strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions. The unification is realized through the breaking pattern of SU)6) -> SU(3)_C x SU(3)_H x U(1)_C…
Let $A$ be a unital operator algebra. Let us assume that every {\it bounded\/} unital homomorphism $u\colon \ A\to B(H)$ is similar to a {\it contractive\/} one. Let $\text{\rm Sim}(u) = \inf\{\|S\|\, \|S^{-1}\|\}$ where the infimum runs…
In this paper we discuss a left-right symmetric model for elementary particles and their connection with the mass spectrum of elementary fermions. The model is based on the group $SU(2)_L\otimes SU(2)_R\otimes U(1)$. New mirror fermions and…
We show that nuclear C*-algebras have a refined version of the completely positive approximation property, in which the maps that approximately factorize through finite dimensional algebras are convex combinations of order zero maps. We use…
Let $p$ be a prime number, and let $S$ be the numerical semigroup generated by the prime numbers not less than $p$. We compare the orders of magnitude of some invariants of $S$ with each other, e. g., the biggest atom $u$ of $S$ with $p$…
(1) Let 1\leq k\leq \omega. Call an atom structure \alpha weakly k neat representable, the term algebra is in \RCA_n\cap \Nr_n\CA_{n+k}, but the complex algebra is not representable. Call an atom structure neat if there is an atomic algebra…
We investigate supersymmetric models where neither R-parity nor lepton number nor baryon number is imposed. The full high energy theory has an exact horizontal U(1) symmetry that is spontaneously broken. Quarks and Higgs fields carry…
We introduce two new classes of integers. The first class consists of numbers $N$ for which there exists at least one nonnegative integer $A$, such that the sum of $A$ and the sum of digits of $N$, added to the reversal of the sum, gives…
We present a SU(2)_L * SU(2)_R * U(1) left-right symmetric model for elementary particles and their connection with the fermion mass spectrum. New mirror fermions and a minimal set of Higgs particles are proposed. The model can accommodate…
For any unital separable simple infinite-dimensional nuclear C*-algebra with finitely many extremal traces, we prove that Z-absorption, strict comparison, and property (SI) are equivalent. We also show that any unital separable simple…
We study the lowest dimensional typical and atypical representations of SU(5/3) superalgebra as a possible unified gauge theory having a natural SU(5) subalgebra with SU(3) extra structure, which will be used to accommodate three…
Let p and q be two positive primes. In this paper we obtain a complete characterization of quaternion division algebras H_K(p,q) over the composite K of n quadratic number fields. Also, in Section 6, we obtain a characterization of…
Prime number multiplet classifications and patterns are extended to negative integers. The extension from prime numbers to single prime powers is also studied. Prime number septets at equal distance are given. It is also shown that each…
Reframing certain well-known particle models in terms of normed division algebras leads to two new results for BSM physics. (1) We identify a sequence of complex structures which induces a cascade of breaking symmetries: Spin(10) $\mapsto$…
All leptons, quarks, and gauge bosons can be placed in the periodic table of elementary particles. As the periodic table of elements derived from atomic orbital, the periodic table of elementary particles is derived from the two sets of…
In analogy with the C*-algebra theory, we study variants appropriate to nonselfadjoint algebras of nuclearity, the local lifting property, exactness, and the weak expectation property. In addition, we study the relationships between these…