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For the two-dimensional Euler equation on the torus, we prove that the uniform norm of the vorticity gradient can grow as double exponential over arbitrarily long but finite time provided that at time zero it is already sufficiently large.…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2012-05-07 Sergey A. Denisov

We prove that there are solutions to the Euler equation on the torus with $C^{1,\alpha}$ vorticity and smooth except at one point such that the vorticity gradient grows in $L^\infty$ at least exponentially as $t\to\infty$. The same result…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2014-10-09 Andrej Zlatos

For two-dimensional Euler equation on the torus, we prove that the uniform norm of the gradient can grow superlinearly for some infinitely smooth initial data. We also show the exponential growth of the gradient for the finite time.

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2009-08-25 Sergey A. Denisov

We construct an initial data for the two-dimensional Euler equation in a bounded smooth symmetric domain such that the gradient of vorticity in $L^{\infty}$ grows as a double exponential in time for all time. Our construction is based on…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-04-25 Xiaoqian Xu

We consider the vorticity gradient growth of solutions to the two-dimensional Euler equations in domains without boundary, namely in the torus $\mathbb{T}^{2}$ and the whole plane $\mathbb{R}^{2}$. In the torus, whenever we have a steady…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-07-22 In-Jee Jeong , Yao Yao , Tao Zhou

We construct an initial data for two-dimensional Euler equation in a disk for which the gradient of vorticity exhibits double exponential growth in time for all times. This estimate is known to be sharp - the double exponential growth is…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2014-09-02 Alexander Kiselev , Vladimir Sverak

We consider the problem of finding a solution to the incompressible Euler equations $$ \omega_t + v\cdot \nabla \omega = 0 \quad \hbox{ in } \mathbb{R}^2 \times (0,\infty), \quad v(x,t) = \frac 1{2\pi} \int_{{\mathbb R}^2} \frac…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Juan Dávila , Manuel del Pino , Monica Musso , Shrish Parmeshwar

We show that smooth solutions to the Euler equation on the half-plane can exhibit double-exponential growth of their vorticity gradients. We also determine the maximal possible growth rate and construct solutions that saturate it. These are…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-10-01 Andrej Zlatos

We prove that for solutions of the Euler equation on the sphere, the vorticity gradient can grow at most double-exponentially in time, and we show that this upper bound is sharp by constructing explicit solutions with odd symmetry that…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-04-22 Daomin Cao , Junhong Fan , Guolin Qin

We consider the 3D axisymmetric Euler equations without swirl on some bounded axial symmetric domains. In this setting, well-posedness is well known due to the essentially 2D geometry. The quantity $\omega^\theta/r$ plays the role of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-05-22 Tam Do

We consider the incompressible 2D Euler equation in an infinite cylinder $\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{T}$ in the case when the initial vorticity is non-negative, bounded, and compactly supported. We study $d(t)$, the diameter of the support of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Kyudong Choi , Sergey Denisov

We consider smooth, double-odd solutions of the two-dimensional Euler equation in $[-1, 1)^2$ with periodic boundary conditions. It is tempting to think that the symmetry in the flow induces possible double-exponential growth in time of the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-01-19 Vu Hoang , Maria Radosz

A {\em vortex pair} solution of the incompressible $2d$ Euler equation in vorticity form $$ \omega_t + \nabla^\perp \Psi\cdot \nabla \omega = 0 , \quad \Psi = (-\Delta)^{-1} \omega, \quad \hbox{in } \mathbb{R}^2 \times (0,\infty)$$ is a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-06-17 Juan Dávila , Manuel del Pino , Monica Musso , Shrish Parmeshwar

We consider the axisymmetric Euler equations in $\mathbb{R}^3$ without swirl, and establish several upper and lower bounds for the growth of solutions. On the one hand, we obtain an upper bound $t^2$ for the radial moment…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Khakim Egamberganov , Yao Yao

In this paper, we consider the two-dimensional torus and we study the convergence of solutions of the Euler-Voigt equations to solutions of the Euler equations, under several regularity settings. More precisely, we first prove that for weak…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-03-04 Stefano Abbate , Luigi C. Berselli , Gianluca Crippa , Stefano Spirito

This paper addresses the long-time dynamics of solutions to the 2D incompressible Euler equations. We construct solutions with continuous vorticity $\omega_{\varepsilon}(x,t)$ concentrated around points $\xi_{j}(t)$ that converge to a sum…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-10-25 Juan Dávila , Manuel del Pino , Monica Musso , Shrish Parmeshwar

We consider the two-dimensional Euler equations in non-smooth domains with corners. It is shown that if the angle of the corner $\theta$ is strictly less than $\pi/2$, the Lipschitz estimate of the vorticity at the corner is at most single…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-02-03 Tsubasa Itoh , Hideyuki Miura , Tsuyoshi Yoneda

This paper is concerned with the global well-posedness of the two-dimensional incompressible vorticity equation in the half plane. Under the assumption that the initial vorticity $\omega_0\in W^{k,p}(\R^{2}_+)$ with $k\geq3$ and $1<p<2$, it…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-11-03 Quansen Jiu , You Li , Wanwan Zhang

We show strong convergence of the vorticities in the vanishing viscosity limit for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on the two-dimensional torus, assuming only that the initial vorticity of the limiting Euler equations is in $L^p$…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-07-07 Helena J. Nussenzveig Lopes , Christian Seis , Emil Wiedemann

By performing estimates on the integral of the absolute value of vorticity along a local vortex line segment, we establish a relatively sharp dynamic growth estimate of maximum vorticity under some assumptions on the local geometric…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2010-11-29 Thomas Y. Hou , Zuoqiang Shi
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