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Related papers: Nowhere-zero flows in signed graphs: A survey

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Tutte's $3$-flow conjecture states that every $4$-edge-connected graph admits a nowhere-zero $3$-flow. In this paper, we characterize all graphs with independence number at most $4$ that admit a nowhere-zero $3$-flow. The characterization…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-24 Jiaao Li , Rong Luo , Yi Wang

In this paper, we study the achromatic and the pseudoachromatic numbers of planar and outerplanar graphs as well as planar graphs of girth 4 and graphs embedded on a surface. We give asymptotically tight results and lower bounds for maximal…

The set D of distinct signed degrees of the vertices in a signed graph G is called its signed degree set. In this paper, we prove that every non-empty set of positive (negative) integers is the signed degree set of some connected signed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 S. Pirzada , T. A. Naikoo , F. A. Dar

We introduce the ``trivariate Tutte polynomial" of a signed graph as an invariant of signed graphs up to vertex switching that contains among its evaluations the number of proper colorings and the number of nowhere-zero flows. In this, it…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-01 Andrew Goodall , Bart Litjens , Guus Regts , Lluis Vena

We consider random labelings of finite graphs conditioned on a small fixed number of peaks. We introduce a continuum framework where a combinatorial graph is associated with a metric graph and edges are identified with intervals. Next we…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-08-15 Krzysztof Burdzy , Soumik Pal

For complete graphs and n-cubes bounds are found for the possible number of colours in an interval edge colourings.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-11-10 Petros A. Petrosyan

We analyze the action of the spectral flows on N=2 twisted topological theories. We show that they provide a useful mapping between the two twisted topological theories associated to a given N=2 superconformal theory. This mapping can also…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-07-19 Beatriz Gato-Rivera , Jose Ignacio Rosado

A signed graph is a pair $(G,\sigma)$, where $G$ is a graph and $\sigma: E(G)\rightarrow \{-, +\}$, called signature, is an assignment of signs to the edges. Given a signed graph $(G,\sigma)$ with no negative loops, a balanced…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-18 Xiaolan Hu , Luis Kuffner , Jiaao Li , Reza Naserasr , Lujia Wang , Zhouningxin Wang , Xiaowei Yu

A colored graph is a directed graph in which nodes or edges have been assigned colors that are not necessarily unique. Observability problems in such graphs consider whether an agent observing the colors of edges or nodes traversed on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-18 Mark Chilenski , George Cybenko , Isaac Dekine , Piyush Kumar , Gil Raz

In a zero forcing process, vertices of a graph are colored black and white initially, and if there exists a black vertex adjacent to exactly one white vertex, then the white vertex is forced to be black. A zero blocking set is an initial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-14 Hau-Yi Lin , Wu-Hsiung Lin , Gerard Jennhwa Chang

A set $R\subseteq E(G)$ of a graph $G$ is $k$-removable if $G-R$ has a nowhere-zero $k$-flow. We prove that every graph $G$ admitting a nowhere-zero $4$-flow has a $3$-removable subset consisting of at most $\frac{1}{6}|E(G)|$ edges. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Davide Mattiolo

Let $Z_2\times Z_2=\{0, \alpha, \beta, \alpha+\beta\}$. If $G$ is a bridgeless cubic graph, $F$ is a perfect matching of $G$ and $\overline{F}$ is the complementary 2-factor of $F$, then a no-where zero $Z_2\times Z_2$-flow $\theta$ of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-29 Vahan Mkrtchyan

In this paper, we introduce a graph structure, called non-zero component graph on finite dimensional vector spaces. We show that the graph is connected and find its domination number and independence number. We also study the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-11-09 Angsuman Das

The positive zero forcing number of a graph is a graph parameter that arises from a non-traditional type of graph colouring, and is related to a more conventional version of zero forcing. We establish a relation between the zero forcing and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-28 Shaun Fallat , Karen Meagher , Boting Yang

Graph colouring is a combinatorial optimisation problem with applications in several important domains, including sports scheduling, cartography, street map navigation, and timetabling. It is also of significant theoretical interest and a…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-02-23 Rhyd Lewis

Nested graphs have been used in different applications, for example to represent knowledge in semantic networks. On the other hand, graphs with cycles are really important in surface reconstruction, periodic schedule and network analysis.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-08 María Carrasco , Zenaida Castillo , Nerio Borges , Ramón Pino Pérez

Tension-continuous (shortly TT) mappings are mappings between the edge sets of graphs. They generalize graph homomorphisms. From another perspective, tension-continuous mappings are dual to the notion of flow-continuous mappings and the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jaroslav Nesetril , Robert Samal

Consider the set $\chi^0_{\mathrm{nw}}$ of non-wandering continuous flows on a closed surface. Then such a flow can be approximated by regular non-wandering flows without heteroclinic connections nor locally dense orbits in…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-07-19 Tomoo Yokoyama

Inspired by a very recent work of A. {\DH}uri\'c, S. Jev{\dj}eni\'c and N. Stopar, we introduce a new definition of zero-divisor graphs attached to rings, that includes all of the classical definitions already known in the literature. We…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2022-03-08 Enrico Sbarra , Maurizio Zanardo

In this paper, a survey about recent progress on problems solved using graph amalgamations is presented, along with some new results with complete proofs, and some related open problems.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-12 Amin Bahmanian , Chris Rodger