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Bipartite experiments are a recent object of study in causal inference, whereby treatment is applied to one set of units and outcomes of interest are measured on a different set of units. These experiments are particularly useful in…

We consider the following comparative effectiveness scenario. There are two treatments for a particular medical condition: a randomized experiment has demonstrated mediocre effectiveness for the first treatment, while a non-randomized study…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-23 Brian Knaeble , Erich Kummerfeld

We propose two-stage and sequential procedures to estimate the unknown parameter N of a binomial distribution with unknown parameter p, when we reinforce data with an independent sample of a negative-binomial experiment having the same p.

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-14 Yaakov Malinovsky , Shelemyahu Zacks

When the Stable Unit Treatment Value Assumption is violated and there is interference among units, there is not a uniquely defined Average Treatment Effect, and alternative estimands may be of interest. Among these are average unit-level…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-30 Molly Offer-Westort , Drew Dimmery

Both cluster randomized trials and quasi-experimental designs are used to evaluate the impact of health and social policies and interventions. Stepped-wedge cluster randomized trials randomize a staggered adoption approach, while recent…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-15 Haidong Lu , Gregg S. Gonsalves , Fan Li , Guanyu Tong , Lee Kennedy-Shaffer

Count outcomes in longitudinal studies are frequent in clinical and engineering studies. In frequentist and Bayesian statistical analysis, methods such as Mixed linear models allow the variability or correlation within individuals to be…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-15 Alejandra Estefanía Patiño Hoyos , Johnatan Cardona Jiménez

Interference occurs when the potential outcomes of a unit depend on the treatment of others. Interference can be highly heterogeneous, where treating certain individuals might have a larger effect on the population's overall outcome. A…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-11 Samantha G Dean , Georgia Papadogeorgou , Laura Forastiere

This paper considers the estimation of treatment effects in randomized experiments with complex experimental designs, including cases with interference between units. We develop a design-based estimation theory for arbitrary experimental…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-05-27 Haoge Chang

This paper considers the problem of design-based inference for the average treatment effect in finely stratified experiments. Here, by "design-based'' we mean that the only source of uncertainty stems from the randomness in treatment…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-05-08 Yuehao Bai , Xun Huang , Joseph P. Romano , Azeem M. Shaikh , Max Tabord-Meehan

Bipartite experiments arise in various fields, in which the treatments are randomized over one set of units, while the outcomes are measured over another separate set of units. However, existing methods often rely on strong model…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-16 Sizhu Lu , Lei Shi , Yue Fang , Wenxin Zhang , Peng Ding

N-of-1 experiments, where a unit serves as its own control and treatment in different time windows, have been used in certain medical contexts for decades. However, due to effects that accumulate over long time windows and interventions…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-25 Tengyuan Liang , Benjamin Recht

With medical tests becoming increasingly available, concerns about over-testing and over-treatment dramatically increase. Hence, it is important to understand the influence of testing on treatment selection in general practice. Most…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-11 Yun Li , Irina Bondarenko , Michael R. Elliott , Timothy P. Hofer , Jeremy M. G. Taylor

Randomized experiments are widely used to estimate causal effects across a variety of domains. However, classical causal inference approaches rely on critical independence assumptions that are violated by network interference, when the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-18 Mayleen Cortez , Matthew Eichhorn , Christina Lee Yu

This paper focuses on the substantive application of multilevel LCA to the evolution of citizenship norms in a diverse array of democratic countries. To do so, we present a two-stage approach to fit multilevel latent class models: in the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-21 Roberto Di Mari , Zsuzsa Bakk , Jennifer Oser , Jouni Kuha

One class of statistical hypothesis testing procedures is the indisputable equivalence tests, whose main objective is to establish practical equivalence rather than the usual statistical significant difference. These hypothesis tests are…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-04 Daniel Ochieng

Load forecasting has long been recognized as an important building block for all utility operational planning efforts. Over the recent years, it has become ever more challenging to make accurate forecasts due to the proliferation of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Guangrui Xie , Xi Chen , Yang Weng

Group-formation experiments, in which experimental units are randomly assigned to groups, are a powerful tool for studying peer effects in the social sciences. Existing design and analysis approaches allow researchers to draw inference from…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-02 Hui Xu , Guillaume Basse

Public health researchers often estimate health effects of exposures (e.g., pollution, diet, lifestyle) that cannot be directly measured for study subjects. A common strategy in environmental epidemiology is to use a first-stage (exposure)…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-06-03 Adam A. Szpiro , Christopher J. Paciorek

We study randomized experiments in bipartite systems where only a subset of treatment-side units are eligible for assignment while all units continue to interact, generating interference. We formalize eligibility-constrained bipartite…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-17 Albert Tan , Mohsen Bayati , James Nordlund , Roman Istomin

Many scientific questions in biomedical, environmental, and psychological research involve understanding the effects of multiple factors on outcomes. While factorial experiments are ideal for this purpose, randomized controlled treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-03 Ruoqi Yu , Peng Ding