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We study automated test generation for verifying discrete decision-making modules in autonomous systems. We utilize linear temporal logic to encode the requirements on the system under test in the system specification and the behavior that…

In recent years, Signal Temporal Logic (STL) has gained traction as a practical and expressive means of encoding control objectives for robotic and cyber-physical systems. The state-of-the-art in STL trajectory synthesis is to formulate the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Vince Kurtz , Hai Lin

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) are beginning to dominate the discourse around automatic code generation with natural language specifications. In contrast, the best-performing synthesizers in the domain of formal synthesis with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yixuan Li , Julian Parsert , Elizabeth Polgreen

Runtime verification encompasses several lightweight techniques for checking whether a system's current execution satisfies a given specification. We focus on runtime verification for Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). Previous work describes…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Javier Esparza , Vincent Fischer

Maximum likelihood estimation problems are, in general, intractable optimization problems. As a result, it is common to approximate the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) using convex relaxations. In some cases, the relaxation is tight: it…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-08-15 Afonso S. Bandeira , Nicolas Boumal , Amit Singer

We extend previous work on symbolic self-triggered control for non-deterministic continuous-time nonlinear systems without stability assumptions to a larger class of specifications. Our goal is to synthesise a controller for two objectives:…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-21 Sasinee Pruekprasert , Clovis Eberhart , Jérémy Dubut

Constructing abstract interpreters that provide global soundness guarantees remains a major obstacle in abstract interpretation. We investigate whether modern LLMs can reduce this burden by leveraging them to synthesize sound, non-trivial…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Qiuhan Gu , Avaljot Singh , Gagandeep Singh

Motivated by the need for efficient estimation of conditional expectations, we consider a least-squares function approximation problem with heavily polluted data. Existing methods that are effective in the small-noise regime are suboptimal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-26 Ben Adcock , Bernhard Hientzsch , Akil Narayan , Yiming Xu

Contemporary hardware design benefits from the abstraction provided by high-level logic gates, streamlining the implementation of logic circuits. Logic Synthesis Optimization (LSO) operates at one level of abstraction within the Electronic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Raika Karimi , Faezeh Faez , Yingxue Zhang , Xing Li , Lei Chen , Mingxuan Yuan , Mahdi Biparva

We consider an agent acting to fulfil tasks in a nondeterministic environment. When a strategy that fulfills the task regardless of how the environment acts does not exist, the agent should at least avoid adopting strategies that prevent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Giuseppe De Giacomo , Gianmarco Parretti , Shufang Zhu

Large Language models (LLMs) have shown promise as generators of symbolic control policies, producing interpretable program-like representations through iterative search. However, these models are not capable of separating the functional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Carlo Bosio , Matteo Guarrera , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli , Mark W. Mueller

In reactive synthesis, the goal is to automatically generate an implementation from a specification of the reactive and non-terminating input/output behaviours of a system. Specifications are usually modelled as logical formulae or automata…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Léo Exibard , Emmanuel Filiot , Pierre-Alain Reynier

We introduce QualityFlow, a dynamic agentic workflow for program synthesis. Given the English description of a programming problem and a set of unit tests, the model's goal is to synthesize the correct program that solves the problem and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Yaojie Hu , Qiang Zhou , Qihong Chen , Xiaopeng Li , Linbo Liu , Dejiao Zhang , Amit Kachroo , Talha Oz , Omer Tripp

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) improves IC development productivity by enabling hardware design from C-like languages. However, strict coding constraints and design-specific optimizations limit its widespread adoption. While recent efforts…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Runkai Li , Jia Xiong , Xiuyuan He , Jieru Zhao , Jiaqi Lv , Haowen Fang , Lei Qi , Xi Wang

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a widely recognized formal specification language to express rigorous temporal requirements on mixed analog signals produced by cyber-physical systems (CPS). A relevant problem in CPS design is how to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Beatrice Melani , Ezio Bartocci , Michele Chiari

LTLf synthesis is the automated construction of a reactive system from a high-level description, expressed in LTLf, of its finite-horizon behavior. So far, the conversion of LTLf formulas to deterministic finite-state automata (DFAs) has…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Suguman Bansal , Yong Li , Lucas M. Tabajara , Moshe Y. Vardi

In this paper, we focus on the problem of compositional synthesis of controllers enforcing signal temporal logic (STL) tasks over a class of continuous-time nonlinear interconnected systems. By leveraging the idea of funnel-based control,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-27 Siyuan Liu , Adnane Saoud , Pushpak Jagtap , Dimos V. Dimarogonas , Majid Zamani

Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is the standard specification language for reactive systems and is successfully applied in industrial settings. However, many shortcomings of LTL have been identified in the literature, among them the limited…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Daniel Neider , Alexander Weinert , Martin Zimmermann

Imbalanced classification and spurious correlation are common challenges in data science and machine learning. Both issues are linked to data imbalance, with certain groups of data samples significantly underrepresented, which in turn would…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Ryumei Nakada , Yichen Xu , Lexin Li , Linjun Zhang

The synthesis problem asks to construct a reactive finite-state system from an $\omega$-regular specification. Initial specifications are often unrealizable, which means that there is no system that implements the specification. A common…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2008-12-18 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Thomas A. Henzinger , Barbara Jobstmann