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We show that if the two parts of a finite bipartite graph have the same degree sequence, then there is a bipartite graph, with the same degree sequences, which is symmetric, in that it has an involutive graph automorphism that interchanges…
We develop a bipartite rigidity theory for bipartite graphs parallel to the classical rigidity theory for general graphs, and define for two positive integers $k,l$ the notions of $(k,l)$-rigid and $(k,l)$-stress free bipartite graphs. This…
Complement-reducible graphs (or cographs) are the graphs formed from the single-vertex graph by the operations of complement and disjoint union. By combining the Johnson-Newman theorem on generalized cospectrality with the standard tools in…
The notion of degree-constrained spanning hierarchies, also called k-trails, was recently introduced in the context of network routing problems. They describe graphs that are homomorphic images of connected graphs of degree at most k. First…
A graph is said to be nearly complete bipartite if it can be obtained by deleting a set of independent edges from a complete bipartite graph. The nonorientable genus of such graphs is known except in a few cases where the sizes of the…
We characterize the absolute retracts in the category of reflexive oriented graphs, that is, antisymmetric reflexive graphs, where morphisms between objects preserve arcs (which may be sent to loops). Here we show, by correcting a much…
Associating graph algebras to directed graphs leads to both covariant and contravariant functors from suitable categories of graphs to the category k-Alg of algebras and algebra homomorphisms. As both functors are often used at the same…
In this paper we study the class of bi-arc digraphs, important from two seemingly unrelated perspectives. On the one hand, they are precisely the digraphs that admit certain polymorphisms of interest in the study of constraint satisfaction…
We consider the problem of classifying those graphs that arise as an undirected square of an oriented graph by generalising the notion of quasi-transitive directed graphs to mixed graphs. We fully classify those graphs of maximum degree…
Testing if a given graph $G$ contains the $k$-vertex path $P_k$ as a minor or as an induced minor is trivial for every fixed integer $k\geq 1$. However, the situation changes for the problem of checking if a graph can be modified into $P_k$…
It is known that complete graphs and complete multipartite graphs have modularity zero. We show that the least number of edges we may delete from the complete graph $K_n$ to obtain a graph with non-zero modularity is $\lfloor n/2\rfloor…
A tree with at most k leaves is called k-ended tree, and a tree with exactly k leaves is called k-end tree, where a leaf is a vertex of degree one. Contraction of a graph G along the edge e means deleting the edge e and identifying its end…
Let k be a natural number. We introduce k-threshold graphs. We show that there exists an O(n^3) algorithm for the recognition of k-threshold graphs for each natural number k. k-Threshold graphs are characterized by a finite collection of…
For a positive integer $k\ge 1$, a graph $G$ is $k$-stepwise irregular ($k$-SI graph) if the degrees of every pair of adjacent vertices differ by exactly $k$. Such graphs are necessarily bipartite. Using graph products it is demonstrated…
We study the existence of perfect matchings in suitably chosen induced subgraphs of random biregular bipartite graphs. We prove a result similar to a classical theorem of Erdos and Renyi about perfect matchings in random bipartite graphs.…
Homomorphically full graphs are those for which every homomorphic image is isomorphic to a subgraph. We extend the definition of homomorphically full to oriented graphs in two different ways. For the first of these, we show that…
Let $G$ be a bipartite graph and its adjacency matrix $\mathbb A$. If $G$ has a unique perfect matching, then $\mathbb A$ has an inverse $\mathbb A^{-1}$ which is a symmetric integral matrix, and hence the adjacency matrix of a multigraph.…
Recently, Ali et al. posed several open problems concerning extremal graphs with respect to the ABS index. These problems involve characterizing graphs that attain the maximum ABS index within specific graph classes, including: connected…
The complexity of the list homomorphism problem for signed graphs appears difficult to classify. Existing results focus on special classes of signed graphs, such as trees and reflexive signed graphs. Irreflexive signed graphs are in a…
We study "positive" graphs that have a nonnegative homomorphism number into every edge-weighted graph (where the edgeweights may be negative). We conjecture that all positive graphs can be obtained by taking two copies of an arbitrary…