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The extragalactic $\gamma$-rays sky observed by Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) is dominated by blazars. In the fourth release of the Fermi-LAT Point Source Catalog (4FGL), are sources showing a multifrequency behavior similar to that of…

The extragalactic $\gamma$-ray sky is dominated by emission from blazars, a peculiar class of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Many of the $\gamma$-ray sources included in Fermi -Large Area Telescope Third Source catalog (3FGL) are classified…

The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has detected more than 5000 gamma-ray sources in its first 8 years of operation. More than 3000 of them are blazars. About 60 per cent of the Fermi-LAT blazars are classified as BL Lacertae objects (BL…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-06-22 Miloš Kovačević , Graziano Chiaro , Sara Cutini , Gino Tosti

Active galactic Nuclei (AGNs) with their relativistic jets pointed towards the observer, form a subclass of luminous gamma-ray sources commonly known as blazars. The study of blazars is essential to improve our understanding on the AGNs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-03-05 Abhishek Desai , Stefano Marchesi , Meenakshi Rajagopal , Marco Ajello

The Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) 3FHL catalog is the latest catalog of >10 GeV sources and will remain an important resource for the high-energy community for the foreseeable future. Therefore, it is crucial that this catalog is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-10-14 Ross Silver , Stefano Marchesi , Lea Marcotulli , Aman Kaur , Meenakshi Rajagopal , Marco Ajello

One of the main scientific objectives of the recent Fermi mission is investigating the origin of the unidentified gamma-ray sources (UGSs). Despite the large improvements of Fermi in the gamma-ray source localization with respect to the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-03-15 F. Massaro , R. D'Abrusco , A. Paggi , N. Masetti , M. Giroletti , G. Tosti , Howard A. Smith

Blazars, one of the most extreme class of active galaxies, constitute so far the largest known population of $\gamma$-ray sources and their number is continuously growing in the Fermi catalogs. However in the latest release of the Fermi…

The Third Catalog of Hard Fermi Large Area Telescope Sources (3FHL) reports the detection of 1556 objects at E > 10 GeV. However, 177 sources remain unassociated and 23 are associated with a ROSAT X-ray detection of unknown origin. Pointed…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-07 S. Joffre , R. Silver , M. Rajagopal , M. Ajello , N. Torres-Albà , A. Pizzetti , S. Marchesi , A. Kaur

Among the ~2157 unassociated sources in the third data release (DR3) of the fourth Fermi catalog, ~1200 were observed with the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory pointed instruments. These observations yielded 238 high S/N X-ray sources within…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-15 Amanpreet Kaur , Stephen Kerby , Abraham D. Falcone

Active galactic Nuclei (AGNs) with their relativistic jets pointed toward the observer, are a class of luminous gamma-ray sources commonly known as blazars. The study of this source class is essential to unveil the physical processes…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-01-18 M. Rajagopal , L. Marcotulli , K. Labrie , S. Marchesi , M. Ajello

The Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) First Source Catalog (1FGL) was released in February 2010 and the Fermi-LAT 2-Year Source Catalog (2FGL) appeared in April 2012, based on data from 24 months of operation. Since their releases, many…

Nearly one-third of the sources in the $Fermi$-LAT catalogs lack a lower energy counterpart, hence being referred as unidentified/unassociated gamma-ray sources (UGSs). In order to firmly classify them, dedicated multifrequency follow-up…

The Fermi-LAT unassociated sources represent some of the most enigmatic gamma-ray sources in the sky. Observations with the Swift-XRT and -UVOT telescopes have identified hundreds of likely X-ray and UV/optical counterparts in the…

As a follow-up of the optical spectroscopic campaign aimed at achieving completeness in the Third Catalog of Hard Fermi-LAT Sources (3FHL), we present here the results of a sample of 28 blazars of uncertain type observed using the 4m…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-06-02 M. Rajagopal , S. Marchesi , A. Kaur , A. Domínguez , R. Silver , M. Ajello

We report the results of our exploratory program carried out with the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope aimed at associating counterparts and establishing the nature of the Fermi Unidentified gamma-ray Sources (UGS). We…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-24 M. Landoni , F. Massaro , A. Paggi , R. D'Abrusco , D. Milisavljevic , N. Masetti , Howard. A. Smith , G. Tosti , L. Chomiuk , J. Strader , C. C. Cheung

We report on HET and Palomar 5 m spectroscopy of recently identified $\gamma$-ray blazars in the {\it Fermi} LAT Bright Source List. These data provide identifications for 10 newly discovered $\gamma$-ray flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQ)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-14 Michael S. Shaw , Roger W. Romani , Stephen E. Healey , Garret Cotter , Peter F. Michelson , Anthony C. S. Readhead

Context. Blazars are a distinct subclass of active galactic nuclei (AGN), known for their fast variability, high polarization, and intense emission across the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio waves to gamma rays. Gamma-ray blazar…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-08 N. Álvarez Crespo , A. Domínguez , V. S. Paliya , M. Chamorro Cazorla , P. Sánchez Blázquez , A. Gil de Paz

Observations of the gamma-ray sky with Fermi led to significant advances towards understanding blazars, the most extreme class of Active Galactic Nuclei. A large fraction of the population detected by Fermi is formed by BL Lacertae (BL Lac)…

The fourth-DR3 version (4FGL-DR3) of the Fermi/LAT catalogue of $\gamma$-ray sources contains $\sim$ 1000 objects at a galactic latitude |b| > 10$^{\circ}$ which are not identified with an optical counterpart (UGS). We performed a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-02-20 Alberto Ulgiati , Simona Paiano , Aldo Treves , Renato Falomo , Boris Sbarufatti , Fabio Pintore , Thomas D. Russell , Giancarlo Cusumano

We present the results of the optical spectroscopy follow-up of a sample of 28 unclassified blazars from the Third Fermi-LAT Catalog of High-Energy Sources (3FHL). All the spectra were taken with the 4m Mayall telescope at Kitt Peak. With…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-11-14 Stefano Marchesi , Amanpreet Kaur , Marco Ajello