Related papers: Rules of Three for commutation relations
A measurable relation algebra is a relation algebra in which the identity element is a sum of atoms that can be measured in the sense that the "size" of each such atom can be defined in an intuitive and reasonable way (within the framework…
Quantum coherence plays an important role in quantum information protocols that provide an advantage over classical information processing. The amount of coherence that can exist between two orthogonal subspaces is limited by the positivity…
We extend the close interplay between continued fractions, orthogonal polynomials, and Gaussian quadrature rules to several variables in a special but natural setting which we characterize in terms of moment sequences. The crucial condition…
Size varies. Small things are typically more frequent than large things. The logarithm of frequency often declines linearly with the logarithm of size. That power law relation forms one of the common patterns of nature. Why does the…
The well known Three Gap Theorem states that there are at most three gap sizes in the sequence of fractional parts $\{\alpha n\}_{n<N}$ . It is known that if one averages over {\alpha}, the distribution becomes continuous. We present an…
The distribution function of particles over clusters is proposed for a system of identical intersecting spheres, the centres of which are uniformly distributed in space. Consideration is based on the concept of the rank number of clusters,…
Let $\mathcal{R}$ be a $2$-torsion free commutative ring with unity, $X$ a locally finite pre-ordered set and $I(X,\mathcal{R})$ the incidence algebra of $X$ over $\mathcal{R}$. If $X$ consists of a finite number of connected components, in…
A classical theorem by Jacobson says that a ring in which every element $x$ satisfies the equation $x^n=x$ for some $n>1$ is commutative. According to Birkhoff's Completeness Theorem, if $n$ is fixed, there must be an equational proof of…
The main purpose of this work is to introduce and analyse some generalizations of diverse superposition rules for first-order differential equations to the setting of second-order differential equations. As a result, we find a way to apply…
The problem as to when two noncommuting observables are considered to have the same value arises commonly, but shows a nontrivial difficulty. Here, an answer is given by establishing the notion of perfect correlations between noncommuting…
The codimension-three conjecture states that any regular holonomic module extends uniquely beyond an analytic subset with codimension equal to or larger than three. We give a proof of this conjecture.
In this work, we present new connections between three types of quantum states: positive under partial transpose states, symmetric with positive coefficients states and invariant under realignment states. First, we obtain a common upper…
There is a deep connection between permutations and trees. Certain sub-structures of permutations, called sub-permutations, bijectively map to sub-trees of binary increasing trees. This opens a powerful tool set to study enumerative and…
The world runs on communicated sequences of symbols, e.g. numerals. Examining both engineered and natural communications networks reveals an unsuspected order that depends on contact with an unpredictable entity. This order has three roots.…
A combinatorial group-theoretic hypothesis is presented that serves as a necessary and sufficient condition for a union of connected Cockcroft two-complexes to be Cockcroft. This hypothesis has a component that can be expressed in terms of…
Let $(P,\leq)$ be a finite poset (partially ordered set), where $P$ has cardinality $n$. Consider linear extensions of $P$ as permutations $x_1x_2\cdots x_n$ in one-line notation. For distinct elements $x,y\in P$, we define…
Complex spatiotemporal patterns in nature significantly challenge reductionism-based modern science. The lack of a paradigm beyond reductionism hinders our understanding of the emergence of complexity. The diversity of countless patterns…
In this article we prove some theorems related to the triplets of triangles, homological two by two. These theorems will be used later to build triplets of triangles two by two tri-homological.
Relational association rules reveal patterns hide in multiple tables. Existing rules are usually evaluated through two measures, namely support and confidence. However, these two measures may not be enough to describe the strength of a…
A root system is splint if it is a decomposition into a union of two root systems. Examples of such root systems arise naturally in studying embeddings of reductive Lie subalgebras into simple Lie algebras. Given a splint root system, one…