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Thermodynamics is traditionally concerned with systems comprised of a large number of particles. Here we present a framework for extending thermodynamics to individual quantum systems, including explicitly a thermal bath and work-storage…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-29 Paul Skrzypczyk , Anthony J. Short , Sandu Popescu

When a quantum system interacts with an external environment, it undergoes the loss of quantum correlation (decoherence) and the loss of energy (relaxation) and eventually all of the quantum information becomes classical. Here we show a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Benjamin Recht , Yael Maguire , Seth Lloyd , I. L. Chuang , N. A. Gershenfeld

The second law of thermodynamics, formulated as an ultimate bound on the maximum extractable work, has been rigorously derived in multiple scenarios. However, the unavoidable limitations that emerge due to the lack of control on small…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-27 H. Wilming , R. Gallego , J. Eisert

We present a theoretical analysis of the energy recovery efficiency for quantum batteries composed of many identical quantum cells undergoing noise. While the possibility of using quantum effects to speed up the charging processes of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-14 Salvatore Tirone , Raffaele Salvia , Stefano Chessa , Vittorio Giovannetti

Work extraction is a fundamental aspect in thermodynamics. In the context of quantum physics, ergotropy quantifies the maximum amount of work that can be obtained from quantum system through cyclic unitary process. In this work, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-17 Maryam Hadipour , Soroush Haseli

The minimum amount of thermodynamic work required in order to implement a quantum computation or a quantum state transformation can be quantified using frameworks based on the resource theory of thermodynamics, deeply rooted in the works of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-29 Philippe Faist

Gaussian states are of fundamental importance in the physics of continuous-variable quantum systems. They are appealing for the experimental ease with which they can be produced, and for their compact and an elegant mathematical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-27 Kaustav Chatterjee , Ulrik Lund Andersen

We study the maximal amount of energy that can be extracted from a finite quantum system by means of projective measurements. For this quantity we coin the expression "metrotropy" $\mathcal{M}$, in analogy with "ergotropy" $\mathcal{W}$,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-10 Andrea Solfanelli , Lorenzo Buffoni , Alessandro Cuccoli , Michele Campisi

The coherence resource theory needs to study the operational value and efficiency which can be broadly formulated as the question: when can one coherent state be converted into another under incoherent operations. We answer this question…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-15 Shuanping Du , Zhaofang Bai

This paper considers work extraction from a quantum system to a work storage system (or weight) following reference [1]. An alternative approach is here developed that relies on the comparison of subspace dimensions without a need to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-07 J. Gemmer , J. Anders

We demonstrate the possibility of a genuine quantum advantage in the efficiency of quantum batteries by analyzing a model that enables a consistent comparison between quantum and classical regimes. Our system consists of $N$ harmonic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 F. Cavaliere , D. Ferraro , M. Carrega , G. Benenti , M. Sassetti

We consider the problem of time optimal control of a continuous bosonic quantum system subject to the action of a Markovian dissipation. In particular, we consider the case of a one mode Gaussian quantum system prepared in an arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-01 Alberto Carlini , Andrea Mari , Vittorio Giovannetti

Recent years have seen an enormously revived interest in the study of thermodynamic notions in the quantum regime. This applies both to the study of notions of work extraction in thermal machines in the quantum regime, as well as to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-28 M. Perarnau-Llobet , A. Riera , R. Gallego , H. Wilming , J. Eisert

Quantum information-processing techniques enable work extraction from a system's inherently quantum features, in addition to the classical free energy it contains. Meanwhile, the science of computational mechanics affords tools for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-13 Ruo Cheng Huang , Paul M. Riechers , Mile Gu , Varun Narasimhachar

Information processing, quantum or classical, relies on channels transforming multiple input states to different corresponding outputs. Previous research has established bounds on the thermodynamic resources required for such operations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-22 Joe Dunlop , Federico Cerisola , Jorge Tabanera-Bravo , Janet Anders

We investigate work extraction in open quantum batteries composed of interacting spin chains weakly coupled to engineered environments. Focusing on two- and four-qubit XX models initially prepared in thermal Gibbs states, we analyze how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Riccardo Grazi , Donato Farina , Niccolò Traverso Ziani , Dario Ferraro

We show that quantum circuits where the initial state and all the following quantum operations can be represented by positive Wigner functions can be classically efficiently simulated. This is true both for continuous-variable as well as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 A. Mari , J. Eisert

The unavoidable interaction of quantum systems with their environment usually results in the loss of desired quantum resources. Suitably chosen system Hamiltonians, however, can, to some extent, counteract such detrimental decay, giving…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-03 Łukasz Rudnicki , Clemens Gneiting

Quantification of nonclassicality and entanglement in a quantum state is crucial for quantum advantage in information processing and computation. Robustness is one of the tractable measures for quantifying quantum resources. Gaussian states…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-22 Xiao-yu Chen

Continuous-variable bosonic systems stand as prominent candidates for implementing quantum computational tasks. While various necessary criteria have been established to assess their resourcefulness, sufficient conditions have remained…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 Cameron Calcluth , Nicolas Reichel , Alessandro Ferraro , Giulia Ferrini