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In this paper, we present a simple analytic proof of Siegel's theorem that concerns the lower bound of $L(1,\chi)$ for primitive quadratic $\chi$. Our new method compares an elementary lower bound with an analytic upper bound obtained by…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-02 Zihao Liu

For each positive integer $n$, function $f$, and point $c$, the GGR Theorem states that $f$ is $n$ times Peano differentiable at $c$ if and only if $f$ is $n-1$ times Peano differentiable at $c$ and the following $n$-th generalized…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2022-11-18 S. Catoiu , H. Fejzic

We present a natural restriction of Hindman's Finite Sums Theorem that admits a simple combinatorial proof (one that does not also prove the full Finite Sums Theorem) and low computability-theoretic and proof-theoretic upper bounds, yet…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-01-10 Lorenzo Carlucci

We present a general fixed point theorem which can be seen as the quintessence of the principles of proof for Banach's Fixed Point Theorem, ultrametric and certain topological fixed point theorems. It works in a minimal setting, not…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2013-04-02 Katarzyna Kuhlmann , Franz-Viktor Kuhlmann

De Finetti's theorem, also called the de Finetti-Hewitt-Savage theorem, is a foundational result in probability and statistics. Roughly, it says that an infinite sequence of exchangeable random variables can always be written as a mixture…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-11-29 Rina Foygel Barber , Emmanuel J. Candes , Aaditya Ramdas , Ryan J. Tibshirani

For the generalized oscillator, we prove a Rellich type theorem, or characterize the order of growth of eigenfunctions. The proofs are given by an extensive use of commutator arguments invented recently by Ito and Skibsted. These arguments…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-03-18 Tomoya Tagawa

Under a mild Lipschitz condition we prove a theorem on the existence and uniqueness of global solutions to delay fractional differential equations. Then, we establish a result on the exponential boundedness for these solutions.

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-08-24 N. D. Cong , H. T. Tuan

This article presents a concise proof of the famous Benford's law when the distribution has a Riemann integrable probability density function and provides a criterion to judge whether a distribution obeys the law. The proof is intuitive and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-07 Luohan Wang , Bo-Qiang Ma

We give a proof of a phenomenon conjectured in our former article: "Beltrami forms, affine surfaces and the Schwarz-Christoffel formula: a worked out example of straightening". We also start an abstract discussion of the notion of limits of…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2013-12-02 Arnaud Chéritat

We work in a general framework where the state of a physical system is defined by its behaviour under measurement and the global state is constrained by no-signalling conditions. We show that the marginals of symmetric states in such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-04-16 Matthias Christandl , Ben Toner

It is shown that the Poincar\'e-Birkhoff fixed point theorem may be proven by extending the geometric approach originally devised by Henri Poincar\'e himself, along with several results from elementary differential topology. Beginning with…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-11-18 Andrew J. Graven , John H. Hubbard

We introduce a general framework for de Finetti reduction results, applicable to various notions of partially exchangeable probability distributions. Explicit statements are derived for the cases of exchangeability, Markov exchangeability,…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-01-17 Ivan Bardet , Cécilia Lancien , Ion Nechita

We derive the Chern-Gauss-Bonnet Theorem for manifolds with smooth non-degenerate boundary in the pseudo-Riemannian context from the corresponding result in the Riemannian setting by examining the Euler-Lagrange equations associated to the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2014-09-18 P. Gilkey , J. H. Park

By using the generalized Bernoulli numbers, we deduce new integral representations for the Riemann zeta function at positive odd-integer arguments. The explicit expressions enable us to obtain criteria for the dimension of the vector space…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-25 Yayun Wu

We study generalisations of a simple, combinatorial proof of a Chernoff bound similar to the one by Impagliazzo and Kabanets (RANDOM, 2010). In particular, we prove a randomized version of the hitting property of expander random walks and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-01-16 Jan Hązła , Thomas Holenstein

The purpose of this note is to give an accessible proof of Moliens Theorem in Invariant Theory, in the language of today's Linear Algebra and Group Theory, in order to prevent this beautiful theorem from being forgotten.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2017-01-18 Holger Schellwat

We provide a direct proof of Agafonov's theorem which states that finite state selection preserves normality. We also extends this result to the more general setting of shifts of finite type by defining selections which are compatible the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Olivier Carton

We show that the classical de Finetti theorem has a canonical noncommutative counterpart if we strengthen `exchangeability' (i.e., invariance of the joint distribution of the random variables under the action of the permutation group) to…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2009-11-13 Claus Köstler , Roland Speicher

We present a short new proof of Cobham's theorem without using Kronecker's approximation theorem, making it suitable for generalization beyond automatic sequences.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-01-23 Thijmen J. P. Krebs

For the importance of differentiation theorems in metric spaces (starting with Pansu Rademacher type theorem in Carnot groups) and relations with rigidity of embeddings see the section 1.2 in Cheeger and Kleiner paper arXiv:math/0611954 and…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2009-11-25 Marius Buliga