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An edge-weighted graph $G$, possibly with loops, is said to be antiferromagnetic if it has nonnegative weights and at most one positive eigenvalue, counting multiplicities. The number of graph homomorphisms from a graph $H$ to an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-18 Joonkyung Lee , Jaeseong Oh , Jaehyeon Seo

In comparison to graphs, combinatorial methods for the isomorphism problem of finite groups are less developed than algebraic ones. To be able to investigate the descriptive complexity of finite groups and the group isomorphism problem, we…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Jendrik Brachter , Pascal Schweitzer

Existing multiplex graph models often assume homophily, where connected nodes tend to belong to the same class or share similar attributes. Consequently, these models may struggle with graphs exhibiting heterophily, where connected nodes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Kamel Abdous , Nairouz Mrabah , Mohamed Bouguessa

It is known that the small eigenvalues of the Laplacian of a Riemann surface close to the boundary of the modular space can be well approximated by the eigenvalues of the discrete Laplacian on a certain graph coming from the pair of pants…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Alena Erchenko , Dmitry Jakobson , Allison Tsypin

In an earlier paper, we constructed the genus-two amplitudes for five external massless states in Type II and Heterotic string theory, and showed that the alpha' expansion of the Type II amplitude reproduces the corresponding supergravity…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-07-26 Eric D'Hoker , Carlos R. Mafra , Boris Pioline , Oliver Schlotterer

We use the line digraph construction to associate an orthogonal matrix with each graph. From this orthogonal matrix, we derive two further matrices. The spectrum of each of these three matrices is considered as a graph invariant. For the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 David Emms , Edwin R. Hancock , Simone Severini , Richard C. Wilson

This paper presents a new graph isomorphism invariant, called $\mathfrak{w}$-labeling, that can be used to design a polynomial-time algorithm for solving the graph isomorphism problem for various graph classes. For example, all…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Alpár Jüttner , Péter Madarasi

In this paper, we focus on the study of immanantal polynomials for linear combination matrices composed of the degree matrix and adjacency matrix of a graph. First, applying the concept of vertex orientation for general graphs, we provide a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Xiangshuai Dong , Tingzeng Wu

In this paper, we describe the structure of the Laplace characteristic polynomial $\chi_n(\lambda)$ for the infinite family of graphs $H_n=H_n(G_1,\,G_2,\ldots,G_m)$ obtained as a circulant foliation over a graph $H$ on $m$ vertices with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Young Soo Kwon , Alexander Mednykh , Ilya Mednykh

Consider an algebraic identity between elliptic modular graphs where several vertices are at fixed locations (and hence unintegrated) while the others are integrated over the toroidal worldsheet. At any unintegrated vertex, we can glue an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-10-02 Anirban Basu

We consider finite graphs whose vertexes are supersingular elliptic curves, possibly with level structure, and edges are isogenies. They can be applied to the study of modular forms and to isogeny based cryptography. The main result of this…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-13 Giulio Codogni , Guido Maria Lido

Two graphs $G$ and $H$ are homomorphism indistinguishable over a class of graphs $\mathcal{F}$ if for all graphs $F \in \mathcal{F}$ the number of homomorphisms from $F$ to $G$ is equal to the number of homomorphisms from $F$ to $H$. Many…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-07 Tim Seppelt

The majority of popular graph kernels is based on the concept of Haussler's $\mathcal{R}$-convolution kernel and defines graph similarities in terms of mutual substructures. In this work, we enrich these similarity measures by considering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Till Hendrik Schulz , Pascal Welke , Stefan Wrobel

The main result of the paper is motivated by the following two, apparently unrelated graph optimization problems: (A) as an extension of Edmonds' disjoint branchings theorem, characterize digraphs comprising $k$ disjoint branchings $B_i$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-05 Kristóf Bérczi , András Frank

The modular graph $C_{a,b,c,d}$ on the torus is a three loop planar graph in which two of the vertices have coordination number four, while the others have coordination number two. We obtain an eigenvalue equation satisfied by $C_{a,b,c,d}$…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-09-04 Anirban Basu

This thesis provides an extension of the work of Dirk Kreimer and Alain Connes on the Hopf algebra structure of Feynman graphs and renormalization to general graphs. Additionally, an algebraic structure of the asymptotics of formal power…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-07-06 Michael Borinsky

We study structure, eigenvalue spectra and diffusion dynamics in a wide class of networks with subgraphs (modules) at mesoscopic scale. The networks are grown within the model with three parameters controlling the number of modules, their…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-08-25 Marija Mitrović , Bosiljka Tadić

We prove measurable analogues of Whitney's classical theorems on weak isomorphisms of finite graphs. In the setting of locally finite graphings, we introduce a notion of weak isomorphism as an edge-measure-preserving Borel bijection that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-18 Márton Borbényi , Grigory Terlov , László Márton Tóth

To some extent, graph evolutionary mechanisms can be explained by its spectra. Here, we are interested in two graph operations, namely, motif (subgraph) doubling and attachment that are biologically relevant. We investigate how these two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-01 Ranjit Mehatari , Anirban banerjee

Two graphs $G$ and $H$ are homomorphism indistinguishable over a graph class $\mathcal{F}$ if they admit the same number of homomorphisms from every graph $F \in \mathcal{F}$. Many graph isomorphism relaxations such as (quantum) isomorphism…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Marek Černý , Tim Seppelt