Related papers: Horizon-T Experiment Calibrations -- Cables

Prospective Study on Observations of {\gamma}-Ray Sources in the Galaxy Using the HADAR Experiment

The High Altitude Detection of Astronomical Radiation (HADAR) experiment is a refracting terrestrial telescope array based on the atmospheric Cherenkov imaging technique. It focuses the Cherenkov light emitted by extensive air showers…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-26 Xiangli Qian , Huiying Sun , Tianlu Chen , Danzengluobu , Youliang Feng , Qi Gao , Quanbu Gou , Yiqing Guo , Hongbo Hu , Mingming Kang , Haijin Li , Cheng Liu , Maoyuan Liu , Wei Liu , Bingqiang Qiao , Xu Wang , Zhen Wang , Guangguang Xin , Yuhua Yao , Qiang Yuan , Yi Zhang

Monitoring the TeV sky on hours long timescales with HAWC

The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory (HAWC) is a large field of view ($\sim$2sr) instrument sensitive to very-high energy gamma rays ($\sim$0.5-100TeV). It is located in central Mexico (19$^\circ$N) and has a high duty cycle…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 Israel Martinez-Castellanos

The observation of Extensive Air Showers from an Earth-Orbiting Satellite

In this paper we review the main issues that are relevant for the detection of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) from space. EAS are produced by the interaction of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Particles (UHECP) with the atmosphere and can be observed…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2011-12-15 M. Pallavicini , R. Pesce , A. Petrolini , A. Thea

Very-High-Energy gamma-ray astronomy with the ALTO observatory

ALTO is a concept/project in the exploratory phase since 2013 aiming to build a wide-field VHE gamma-ray observatory at very high altitude in the Southern hemisphere. The operation of such an observatory will complement the Northern…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-04 Yvonne Becherini , Satyendra Thoudam , Michael Punch , Jean-Pierre Ernenwein

VERITAS: the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System

The Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) represents an important step forward in the study of extreme astrophysical processes in the universe. It combines the power of the atmospheric Cherenkov imaging technique…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 T. C. Weekes

Simulation of the expected performance for the proposed gamma-ray detector HiSCORE

The HiSCORE project aims at opening up a new energy window in gamma-ray astronomy: The energy range above 30 TeV and up to several PeV. For this, a new detector system is being designed. It consists of a large array of non-imaging Cherenkov…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2011-04-14 Daniel Hampf , Martin Tluczykont , Dieter Horns

Photon Reconstruction for H.E.S.S. Using a Semi-Analytical Shower Model

The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) is an array of five Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) designed to detect cosmogenic gamma-rays with very high energies. Originally consisting of just four identical IACTs (CT1-4)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 M. Holler , A. Balzer , R. Chalmé-Calvet , M. de Naurois , D. Zaborov

Altitude Effect in Cherenkov Light Flashes of Low Energy Gamma-ray-induced Atmospheric Showers

At present the ground-based Very High Energy (VHE) gamma-ray astronomy is racing to complete construction of a number of modern gamma-ray detectors, i.e. CANGAROO III, MAGIC, H.E.S.S., and VERITAS. They should be fully operational in a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 A. Konopelko

Enhancing the Pierre Auger Observatory to the 10^{17} to 10^{18.5} eV Range: Capabilities of an Infill Surface Array

The Pierre Auger Observatory has been designed to study the highest-energy cosmic rays in nature (E > 10^{18.5} eV). The determination of their arrival direction, energy and composition is performed by the analysis of the atmospheric…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-15 M. C. Medina , M. Gomez Berisso , I. Allekotte , A. Etchegoyen , G. Medina-Tanco , A. D. Supanitsky

Estimate of the energy spectrum of the light component of cosmic rays in HAWC using the shower age and the fraction of hit PMT's

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is a ground-based air-shower detector designed to study the TeV gamma and cosmic ray windows. The observatory is composed of a densely packed array of $300$ water Cherenkov tanks, $4.5$ m…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-07-01 J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez , Z. Hampel-Arias , J. D. Álvarez

Study of the muon content of very high-energy EAS measured with the KASCADE-Grande observatory

The KASCADE-Grande detector is an air-shower array devoted to the study of primary cosmic rays with very high-energies (E = 10^{16} - 10^{18} eV). The instrument is composed of different particle detector systems suitable for the detailed…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-08-15 J. C. Arteaga-Velazquez , W. D. Apel , K. Bekk , M. Bertaina , J. Bluemer , H. Bozdog , I. M. Brancus , E. Cantoni , A. Chiavassa , F. Cossavella , C. Curcio , K. Daumiller , V. de Souza , F. Di Pierro , P. Doll , R. Engel , J. Engler , B. Fuchs , D. Fuhrmann , H. J. Gils , R. Glasstetter , C. Grupen , A. Haungs , D. Heck , J. R. Hoerandel , D. Huber , T. Huege , K. -H. Kampert , D. Kang , H. O. Klages , K. Link , P. Luczak , M. Ludwig , H. J. Mathes , H. J. Mayer , M. Melissas , J. Milke , B. Mitrica , C. Morello , J. Oehlschlaeger , S. Ostapchenko , N. Palmieri , M. Petcu , T. Pierog , H. Rebel , M. Roth , H. Schieler , S. Schoo , F. G. Schroeder , O. Sima , G. Toma , G. C. Trinchero , H. Ulrich , A. Weindl , D. Wochele , J. Wochele , J. Zabierowski - KASCADE-Grande Collaboration

Calibration of the Air Shower Energy Scale of the Water and Air Cherenkov Techniques in the LHAASO experiment

The Wide Field-of-View Cherenkov Telescope Array (WFCTA) and the Water Cherenkov Detector Arrays (WCDA) of LHAASO are designed to work in combination for measuring the energy spectra of various cosmic ray species over a very wide energy…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-22 F. Aharonian , Q. An , Axikegu , L. X. Bai , Y. X. Bai , Y. W. Bao , D. Bastieri , X. J. Bi , Y. J. Bi , H. Cai , J. T. Cai , Z. Cao Z. Cao , J. Chang , J. F. Chang , X. C. Chang , B. M. Chen , J. Chen , L. Chen , L. Chen , L. Chen , M. J. Chen , M. L. Chen , Q. H. Chen , S. H. Chen , S. Z. Chen , T. L. Chen , X. L. Chen , Y. Chen , N. Cheng , Y. D. Cheng , S. W. Cui , X. H. Cui , Y. D. Cui , B. Z. Dai , H. L. Dai , Z. G. Dai , Danzengluobu , D. della Volpe , B. DEttorre Piazzoli , X. J. Dong , J. H. Fan , Y. Z. Fan , Z. X. Fan , J. Fang , K. Fang , C. F. Feng , L. Feng , S. H. Feng , Y. L. Feng , B. Gao , C. D. Gao , Q. Gao , W. Gao , M. M. Ge , L. S. Geng , G. H. Gong , Q. B. Gou , M. H. Gu , J. G. Guo , X. L. Guo , Y. Q. Guo , Y. Y. Guo , Y. A. Han , H. H. He , H. N. He , J. C. He , S. L. He , X. B. He , Y. He , M. Heller , Y. K. Hor , C. Hou , X. Hou , H. B. Hu , S. Hu , S. C. Hu , X. J. Hu , D. H. Huang , Q. L. Huang , W. H. Huang , X. T. Huang , Z. C. Huang , F. Ji , X. L. Ji , H. Y. Jia , K. Jiang , Z. J. Jiang , C. Jin , D. Kuleshov , K. Levochkin , B. B. Li , C. Li , C. Li , F. Li , H. B. Li , H. C. Li , H. Y. Li , J. Li , K. Li , W. L. Li , X. Li , X. Li , X. R. Li , Y. Li , Y. Z. Li , Z. Li , Z. Li , E. W. Liang , Y. F. Liang , S. J. Lin , B. Liu , C. Liu , D. Liu , H. Liu , H. D. Liu , J. Liu , J. L. Liu , J. S. Liu , J. Y. Liu , M. Y. Liu , R. Y. Liu , S. M. Liu , W. Liu , Y. N. Liu , Z. X. Liu , W. J. Long , R. Lu , H. K. Lv , B. Q. Ma , L. L. Ma , X. H. Ma , J. R. Mao , A. Masood , W. Mitthumsiri , T. Montaruli , Y. C. Nan , B. Y. Pang , P. Pattarakijwanich , Z. Y. Pei , M. Y. Qi , D. Ruffolo , V. Rulev , A. Saiz , L. Shao , O. Shchegolev , X. D. Sheng , J. R. Shi , H. C. Song , Yu. V. Stenkin , V. Stepanov , Q. N. Sun , X. N. Sun , Z. B. Sun , P. H. T. Tam , Z. B. Tang , W. W. Tian , B. D. Wang , C. Wang , H. Wang , H. G. Wang , J. C. Wang , J. S. Wang , L. P. Wang , L. Y. Wang , R. N. Wang , W. Wang , W. Wang , X. G. Wang , X. J. Wang , X. Y. Wang , Y. D. Wang , Y. J. Wang , Y. P. Wang , Z. Wang , Z. Wang , Z. H. Wang , Z. X. Wang , D. M. Wei , J. J. Wei , Y. J. Wei , T. Wen , C. Y. Wu , H. R. Wu , S. Wu , X. Wu , X. F. Wu , S. Q. Xi , J. Xia , J. J. Xia , G. M. Xiang , G. Xiao , H. B. Xiao , G. G. Xin , Y. L. Xin , Y. Xing , D. L. Xu , R. X. Xu , L. Xue , D. H. Yan , C. W. Yang , F. F. Yang , J. Y. Yang , L. L. Yang , M. J. Yang , R. Z. Yang , S. B. Yang , Y. H. Yao , Z. G. Yao , Y. M. Ye , L. Q. Yin , N. Yin , X. H. You , Z. Y. You , Y. H. Yu , Q. Yuan , H. D. Zeng , T. X. Zeng , W. Zeng , Z. K. Zeng , M. Zha , X. X. Zhai , B. B. Zhang , H. M. Zhang , H. Y. Zhang , J. L. Zhang , J. W. Zhang , L. Zhang , L. Zhang , L. X. Zhang , P. F. Zhang , P. P. Zhang , R. Zhang , S. R. Zhang , S. S. Zhang , X. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Y. F. Zhang , Y. L. Zhang , B. Zhao , J. Zhao , L. Zhao , L. Z. Zhao , S. P. Zhao , F. Zheng , Y. Zheng , B. Zhou , H. Zhou , J. N. Zhou , P. Zhou , R. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , C. G. Zhu , F. R. Zhu , H. Zhu , K. J. Zhu , X. Zuo

The Discovery of Cherenkov Radiation and its use in the detection of extensive air showers

Cascades of charged particles are created when high-energy cosmic rays enter the earth's atmosphere: these 'extensive air-showers' are studied to gain information on the energy spectrum, arrival direction distribution and mass composition…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 A A Watson

Satellite monitoring of atmospheric temperature profiles and cloud cover over the Yakutsk EAS array and the TAIGA observatory

We consider the problem of night-time atmosphere monitoring at the locations of the Yakutsk EAS array and the TAIGA observatory for the annual October-April period of observations at these facilities. It is shown that the use of data from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-05-17 Anatoly A. Lagutin , Nikolay V. Volkov , Andrey P. Zhukov , Konstantin M. Makushev , Alexander A. Maslov , Egor Yu. Mordvin , Roman I. Raikin , Tatyana L. Serebryakova , Vladimir V. Sinitsin

The Cosmic Ray p+He energy spectrum in the 3-3000 TeV energy range measured by ARGO-YBJ

The ARGO-YBJ experiment is a full coverage air shower detector operated at the Yangbajing International Cosmic Ray Observatory. The detector has been in stable data taking in its full configuration since November 2007 to February 2013. The…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-14 S. M. Mari , P. Montini

Data Acquisition Architecture and Online Processing System for the HAWC gamma-ray observatory

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov observatory (HAWC) is an air shower array devised for TeV gamma-ray astronomy. HAWC is located at an altitude of 4100 m a.s.l. in Sierra Negra, Mexico. HAWC consists of 300 Water Cherenkov Detectors, each…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-27 HAWC collaboration , A. U. Abeysekara , R. Alfaro , C. Alvarez , J. D. Álvarez , R. Arceo , J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez , H. A. Ayala Solares , A. S. Barber , B. M. Baughman , N. Bautista-Elivar , J. Becerra Gonzalez , E. Belmont-Moreno , S. Y. BenZvi , D. Berley , M. Bonilla Rosales , J. Braun , R. A. Caballero-Lopez , K. S. Caballero-Mora , A. Carramiñana , M. Castillo , U. Cotti , J. Cotzomi , E. de la Fuente , C. De León , T. DeYoung , J. Diaz-Cruz , R. Diaz Hernandez , J. C. Díaz-Vélez , B. L. Dingus , M. A. DuVernois , R. W. Ellsworth , D. W. Fiorino , N. Fraija , A. Galindo , F. Garfias , M. M. González , J. A. Goodman , V. Grabski , M. Gussert , Z. Hampel-Arias , J. P. Harding , C. M. Hui , P. Hüntemeyer , A. Imran , A. Iriarte , P. Karn , D. Kieda , G. J. Kunde , A. Lara , R. J. Lauer , W. H. Lee , D. Lennarz , H. León Vargas , E. C. Linares , J. T. Linnemann , M. Longo Proper , R. Luna-García , K. Malone , A. Marinelli , S. S. Marinelli , O. Martinez , J. Martínez-Castro , H. Martínez-Huerta , J. A. J. Matthews , J. McEnery , E. Mendoza Torres , P. Miranda-Romagnoli , E. Moreno , M. Mostafá , L. Nellen , M. Newbold , R. Noriega-Papaqui , T. Oceguera-Becerra , B. Patricelli , R. Pelayo , E. G. Pérez-Pérez , J. Pretz , C. Rivière , D. Rosa-González , E. Ruiz-Velasco , J. Ryan , H. Salazar , F. Salesa Greus , F. E. Sanchez , A. Sandoval , M. Schneider , S. Silich , G. Sinni , A. J. Smith , K. Sparks Woodle , R. W. Springer , I. Taboada , P. A. Toale , K. Tollefson , I. Torres , T. N. Ukwatta , L. Villaseñor , T. Weisgarber , S. Westerhoff , I. G. Wisher , J. Wood , T. Yapici , G. B. Yodh , P. W. Younk , D. Zaborov , A. Zepeda , H. Zhou

Cosmic Rays at the Highest Energies -- First Data from the Pierre Auger Observatory --

The southern Pierre Auger Observatory, presently under construction in Malarg"ue, Argentina, is nearing completion. The instrument is designed to measure extensive air-showers with energies ranging from $10^{18}$-$10^{20}$ eV and beyond. It…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-06 Karl-Heinz Kampert

Energy Calibration of CALET Onboard the International Space Station

In August 2015, the CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET), designed for long exposure observations of high energy cosmic rays, docked with the International Space Station (ISS) and shortly thereafter began tocollect data. CALET will…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-06 Y. Asaoka , Y. Akaike , Y. Komiya , R. Miyata , S. Torii , O. Adriani , K. Asano , M. G. Bagliesi , G. Bigongiari , W. R. Binns , S. Bonechi , M. Bongi , P. Brogi , J. H. Buckley , N. Cannady , G. Castellini , C. Checchia , M. L. Cherry , G. Collazuol , V. Di Felice , K. Ebisawa , H. Fuke , T. G. Guzik , T. Hams , M. Hareyama , N. Hasebe , K. Hibino , M. Ichimura , K. Ioka , W. Ishizaki , M. H. Israel , A. Javaid , K. Kasahara , J. Kataoka , R. Kataoka , Y. Katayose , C. Kato , N. Kawanaka , Y. Kawakubo , H. Kitamura , H. S. Krawczynski , J. F. Krizmanic , S. Kuramata , T. Lomtadze , P. Maestro , P. S. Marrocchesi , A. M. Messineo , J. W. Mitchell , S. Miyake , K. Mizutani , A. A. Moiseev , K. Mori , M. Mori , N. Mori , H. M. Motz , K. Munakata , H. Murakami , Y. E. Nakagawa , S. Nakahira , J. Nishimura , S. Okuno , J. F. Ormes , S. Ozawa , L. Pacini , F. Palma , P. Papini , A. V. Penacchioni , B. F. Rauch , S. Ricciarini , K. Sakai , T. Sakamoto , M. Sasaki , Y. Shimizu , A. Shiomi , R. Sparvoli , P. Spillantini , F. Stolzi , I. Takahashi , M. Takayanagi , M. Takita , T. Tamura , N. Tateyama , T. Terasawa , H. Tomida , Y. Tsunesada , Y. Uchihori , S. Ueno , E. Vannuccini , J. P. Wefel , K. Yamaoka , S. Yanagita , A. Yoshida , K. Yoshida , T. Yuda

Design Considerations for the Next Generation of Atmospheric Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes

We estimate the limiting angular resolution and detection area for an array of 3 large-aperture Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. We consider an idealized IACT system in order to understand the limitations imposed by the intrinsic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-10-02 V. V. Bugaev , J. H. Buckley , H. Krawczynski

Cosmic Ray Detection with the IceTop Enhancement

IceTop is the cosmic-ray detector located on the surface of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole, consisting of 81 pairs of ice-Cherenkov tanks. The rise in the energy threshold of air-shower measurements in IceTop due to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-03 Megha Venugopal