Related papers: Yule's "Nonsense Correlation" Solved!
Nonclassical correlation is an important concept in quantum information theory, referring to a special type of correlation that exists between quantum systems, which surpasses the scope of classical physics. In this paper, we introduce the…
The problem of causal inference is to determine if a given probability distribution on observed variables is compatible with some causal structure. The difficult case is when the causal structure includes latent variables. We here introduce…
We propose a new autocorrelation measure for functional time series that we term spherical autocorrelation. It is based on measuring the average angle between lagged pairs of series after having been projected onto the unit sphere. This new…
Classical results from Sturm-Liouville theory state that the number of unstable eigenvalues of a scalar, second-order linear operator is equal to the number of associated conjugate points. Recent work has extended these results to a much…
In this paper we explore partial coherence as a tool for evaluating causal influence of one signal sequence on another. In some cases the signal sequence is sampled from a time- or space-series. The key idea is to establish a connection…
Recovering properties of correlation functions is typically challenging. On one hand, experimentally, it requires measurements with a temporal resolution finer than the system's dynamics. On the other hand, analytical or numerical analysis…
Since the 1935 proposal by Einstein Podolsky and Rosen the riddle of nonlocality, today demonstrated by innumerable experiments, has been a cause of concern and confusion within the debate over the foundations of quantum mechanics. The…
We study the behavior of the random walk in a continuum independent long-range percolation model, in which two given vertices $x$ and $y$ are connected with probability that asymptotically behaves like $|x-y|^{-\alpha}$ with $\alpha>d$,…
The aim of this paper is to develop tractable large deviation approximations for the empirical measure of a small noise diffusion. The starting point is the Freidlin-Wentzell theory, which shows how to approximate via a large deviation…
This paper focuses on analyzing the error of the randomized Euler algorithm when only noisy information about the coefficients of the underlying stochastic differential equation (SDE) and the driving Wiener process is available. Two classes…
Structural causal models postulate noisy functional relations among a set of interacting variables. The causal structure underlying each such model is naturally represented by a directed graph whose edges indicate for each variable which…
We propose a method to distinguish causal influence from hidden confounding in the following scenario: given a target variable Y, potential causal drivers X, and a large number of background features, we propose a novel criterion for…
We study the power spectrum which is estimated from a nonstationary signal. In particular we examine the case when the signal is observed in a measurement time window $[t_w,t_w+t_m]$, namely the observation started after a waiting time…
In 1769, Euler proved the following result $$ \int_0^{\frac\pi2}\log(\sin \theta) d\theta=-\frac\pi2 \log2. $$ In this paper, as a generalization, we evaluate the definite integrals $$ \int_0^x…
We explore the experimental predictions of the local scale invariant, non-Hermitian pilot-wave (de Broglie-Bohm) formulation of quantum theory introduced in arXiv:2601.03567. We use Weyl's definition of gravitational radius of charge to…
We develop Wasserstein-based hypothesis tests for empirical-measure convergence in stationary dependent sequences. For a known candidate invariant measure, $\mu$, we study the statistic $T_n=\sqrt{n}\,W_1(\hat\mu_n,\mu)$ and establish…
We review with a tutorial scope the information theory foundations of quantum statistical physics. Only a small proportion of the variables that characterize a system at the microscopic scale can be controlled, for both practical and…
We study chaotic dynamics in two-dimensional conformal field theory through out-of-time order thermal correlators of the form $\langle W(t)VW(t)V\rangle$. We reproduce bulk calculations similar to those of [1], by studying the large $c$…
One obstacle to ``elevating" correlation to causation is the phenomenon of confounding, i.e., when a correlation between two variables exists because both variables are in fact caused by a third variable. The situation where the confounders…
Causal inference is known to be very challenging when only observational data are available. Randomized experiments are often costly and impractical and in instrumental variable regression the number of instruments has to exceed the number…