Related papers: Recurrence Structures, Finite State Decomposition,…

It is well known that the following Collatz Conjecture is one of the unsolved problems in mathematics. Collatz Conjecture: For any positive integer $n>1$, the following recursive algorithm will convergent to 1 by a finite number of steps.…

We consider a linear elliptic system in divergence form with random coefficients and study the random fluctuations of large-scale averages of the field and the flux of the solution operator. In the context of the random conductance model,…

We obtain a complete characterization of all orbits of a quadratic Collatz-type recursion called the divide-or-choose-2 rule. Each orbit either ends in a cycle whose period depends on the initial value or it goes to infinity. We specify…

I show here that there are three different kinds of iterations for the reduced Collatz algorithm; depending on whether the root of the number is odd or even. There is only one kind of iteration if the root is odd and two kinds if the root…

In a previous article, we reduced the unsolved problem of the convergence of Collatz sequences, to convergence of Collatz sequences of odd numbers, that are divisible by 3. In this article, we further reduce this set to odd numbers that are…

The Collatz conjecture is one of the easiest mathematical problems to state and yet it remains unsolved. For each $n\ge 2$ the Collatz iteration is mapped to a binary sequence and a corresponding unique integer which can recreate the…

Using $p$-adic numbers, we partially categorize the cycles of a sizable class of polynomial dynamical systems. In turn, we prove a few results related to the non-trivial cycles of the $\textit{Collatz map}$ $\text{Col} : \mathbb{Z}_+ \to…

Considering all possible paths that a natural number can take following the rules of the algorithm proposed in the Collatz conjecture we construct a graph that can be interpreted as an infinite network that contemplates all possible paths…

We intend to contribute to the Collatz dynamics problem by seeking to analyze the Collatz conjecture from the tree of numbers sequences. First, we show numerically that the distribution of odd numbers has an initial transient, and proceeds…

In this work the generalized Collatz problem $qn+1$ ($q$ odd) is studied. As a natural generalization of the original $3n+1$ problem, it consists of a discrete dynamical system of an arithmetical kind. Using standard methods of number…

The aim of this paper is to show a peculiar behavior of a (hypothetical) Collatz sequence going to infinity. We study the associated Syracusa sequence (the odd elements of the former) and show that the limit set of a conveniently normalized…

Many combinatorial sequences (for example, the Catalan and Motzkin numbers) may be expressed as the constant term of $P(x)^k Q(x)$, for some Laurent polynomials $P(x)$ and $Q(x)$ in the variable $x$ with integer coefficients. Denoting such…

We undertake a detailed investigation into the structure of permutations in monotone grid classes whose row-column graphs do not contain components with more than one cycle. Central to this investigation is a new decomposition, called the…

We study two questions posed by Johnson, Lindenstrauss, Preiss, and Schechtman, concerning the structure of level sets of uniform and Lipschitz quotient maps from $R^n\to R$. We show that if $f:R^n\to R$, $n\geq 2$, is a uniform quotient…

For all natural numbers a,b and d > 0, we consider the function f_{a,b,d} which associates n/d to any integer n when it is a multiple of d, and an + b otherwise; in particular f_{3,1,2} is the Collatz function. Coding in base a > 1 with b <…

We introduce an infinite set of integer mappings that generalize the well-known Collatz-Ulam mapping and we conjecture that an infinite subset of these mappings feature the remarkable property of the Collatz conjecture, namely that they…

This paper presents an algorithmic method that, given a positive integer $j$, generates the $j$-th convergence stair containing all natural numbers from where the Collatz conjecture holds by exactly $j$ applications of the Collatz function.…

The Functional Machine Calculus (FMC, Heijltjes 2022) extends the lambda-calculus with the computational effects of global mutable store, input/output, and probabilistic choice while maintaining confluent reduction and simply-typed strong…

Neural finite-state transducers (NFSTs) form an expressive family of neurosymbolic sequence transduction models. An NFST models each string pair as having been generated by a latent path in a finite-state transducer. As they are deep…

We present a method to obtain congruences modulo powers of 2 for sequences given by recurrences of finite depth with polynomial coefficients. We apply this method to Catalan numbers, Fu\ss-Catalan numbers, and to subgroup counting functions…