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A distinguishing r-vertex-labelling (resp. r-edge-labelling) of an undirected graph G is a mapping $\lambda$ from the set of vertices (resp. the set of edges) of G to the set of labels {1,. .. , r} such that no non-trivial automorphism of G…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-05-18 Kahina Meslem , Eric Sopena

A k-ranking of a graph G is a labeling of the vertices of G with values from {1,...,k} such that any path joining two vertices with the same label contains a vertex having a higher label. The tree-depth of G is the smallest value of k for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-12 Michael D. Barrus , John Sinkovic

A graph G is distinguished if its vertices are labelled by a map \phi: V(G) \longrightarrow {1,2,...,k} so that no graph automorphism preserves \phi. The distinguishing number of G is the minimum number k necessary for \phi to distinguish…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Julianna S. Tymoczko

The distinguishing number $D(\Gamma)$ of a graph $\Gamma$ is the least size of a partition of the vertices of $\Gamma$ such that no non-trivial automorphism of $\Gamma$ preserves this partition. We show that if the automorphism group of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-16 Mariusz Grech , Andrzej Kisielewicz

A vertex coloring of a graph $G$ is distinguishing if non-identity automorphisms do not preserve it. The distinguishing number, $D(G)$, is the minimum number of colors required for such a coloring and the distinguishing threshold,…

The distinguishing number $\operatorname D(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the least cardinal $d$ such that $G$ has a labeling with $d$ labels which is only preserved by the trivial automorphism. We show that the distinguishing number of infinite,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-11-19 Johannes Cuno , Wilfried Imrich , Florian Lehner

The distinguishing chromatic number of a graph $G$, denoted $\chi_D(G)$, is the minimum number of colours in a proper vertex colouring of $G$ that is preserved by the identity automorphism only. Collins and Trenk proved that $\chi_D(G)\le…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-26 Christoph Brause , Rafał Kalinowski , Monika Pilśniak , Ingo Schiemeyer

We introduce the \emph{ID-index} of a finite simple connected graph. For a graph $G=(V,\ E)$ with diameter $d$, we let $f:V\longrightarrow \mathbb{R}$ assign \emph{ranks} to the vertices, then under $f$, each vertex $v$ gets a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-10 Runze Wang

Let $T$ be a tree with $t$ edges. We show that the number of isomorphic (labeled) copies of $T$ in a graph $G = (V,E)$ of minimum degree at least $t$ is at least \[2|E| \prod_{v \in V} (d(v) - t + 1)^{\frac{(t-1)d(v)}{2|E|}}.\]…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-24 Dhruv Mubayi , Jacques Verstraete

An L(2, 1)-labeling of a graph is an assignment of nonnegative integers to the vertices of G such that adjacent vertices receive numbers differed by at least 2, and vertices at distance 2 are assigned distinct numbers. The L(2, 1)-labeling…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-02 Dong Chen , Wai Chee Shiu , Qiaojun Shu , Pak Kiu Sun , Weifan Wang

A $c$-labeling $\phi: V(G) \rightarrow \{1, 2, \hdots, c \}$ of graph $G$ is distinguishing if, for every non-trivial automorphism $\pi$ of $G$, there is some vertex $v$ so that $\phi(v) \neq \phi(\pi(v))$. The distinguishing number of $G$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-29 Christine T. Cheng

A graph is called uniquely distinguishing colorable if there is only one partition of vertices of the graph that forms distinguishing coloring with the smallest possible colors. In this paper, we study the unique colorability of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-16 M. Korivand , N. Soltankhah , K. Khashyarmanesh

The distinguishing number of a graph $G$ is the smallest positive integer $r$ such that $G$ has a labeling of its vertices with $r$ labels for which there is no non-trivial automorphism of $G$ preserving these labels. Albertson and Collins…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-04-28 C. Laflamme , L. Nguyen Van Thé , N. W. Sauer

A graph $G$ is said to be $d$-distinguishable if there is a labeling of the vertices with $d$ labels so that only the trivial automorphism preserves the labels. The smallest such $d$ is the distinguishing number, Dist($G$). A subset of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-13 Debra Boutin , Sally Cockburn

The Randi{\' c} index of a graph $G$, written $R(G)$, is the sum of $\frac 1{\sqrt{d(u)d(v)}}$ over all edges $uv$ in $E(G)$. %let $R(G)=\sum_{uv \in E(G)} \frac 1{\sqrt{d(u)d(v)}}$, which is called the Randi{\' c} index of it. Let $d$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-18 Suil O , Yongtang Shi

A graph $G$ is said to be $d$-distinguishable if there is a vertex coloring of $G$ with a set of $d$ colors which breaks all of the automorphisms of $G$ but the identity. We call the minimum $d$ for which a graph $G$ is $d$-distinguishiable…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-29 Aleksandra Gorzkowska , Mohammad Hadi Shekarriz

For a graph $G = (V, E)$, the $\gamma$-graph of $G$, denoted $G(\gamma) = (V(\gamma), E(\gamma))$, is the graph whose vertex set is the collection of minimum dominating sets, or $\gamma$-sets of $G$, and two $\gamma$-sets are adjacent in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-31 Stephen Finbow , Christopher M. van Bommel

The distinguishing number of a graph $G$, denoted $D(G)$, is the minimum number of colors needed to produce a coloring of the vertices of $G$ so that every nontrivial isomorphism interchanges vertices of different colors. A list assignment…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-07 Michael Ferrara , Zoltan Furedi , Sogol Jahanbekam , Paul Wenger

A graph automorphism is a bijective mapping of the vertices that preserves adjacent vertices. A vertex determining set of a graph is a set of vertices such that the only automorphism that fixes those vertices is the identity. The size of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-12 Sean McAvoy , Sally Cockburn

For a simple graph $G$, the $3$-distance graph, $D_3(G)$, is a graph with the vertex set $V(G)$ and two vertices are adjacent if and only if their distance is $3$ in the graph $G$. For a connected graph $G$, we provide some conditions for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-12 S. R. Musawi , S. H. Jafari