Related papers: Protection of Accelerator Hardware: RF systems
Beam diagnostics and instrumentation are an essential part of any kind of accelerator. There is a large variety of parameters to be measured for observation of particle beams with the precision required to tune, operate, and improve the…
The low-level RF system (LLRF) generates the drive sent to the high-power equipment. In synchrotrons, it uses signals from beam pick-ups (radial and longitudinal) to minimize the beam losses and provide a beam with reproducible parameters…
Beam loss is a critical issue in high-intensity accelerators, and much effort is expended during both the design and operation phases to minimize the loss and to keep it to manageable levels. As new accelerators become ever more powerful,…
Radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linear accelerators appeared on the accelerator scene in the late 1970s and have since revolutionized the domain of low-energy proton and ion acceleration. The RFQ makes the reliable production of…
A key step in control of precision mechatronic systems is Frequency Response Function (FRF) identification. The aim of this paper is to illustrate relevant developments and solutions for FRF identification for advanced motion control.…
X-band accelerator structures meeting the Next Linear Collider (NLC) design requirements have been found to suffer vacuum surface damage caused by radio frequency (RF) breakdown, when processed to high electric-field gradients. Improved…
The collimator system of a particle accelerator must efficiently remove stray particles and provide protection against uncontrolled losses. In this article, the basic design concepts of collimators and some realizations are presented.
Systems-on-chip (SoCs) are becoming heterogeneous: they combine general-purpose processor cores with application-specific hardware components, also known as accelerators, to improve performance and energy efficiency. The advantages of…
Advances in electron beam technology have been central to creating the current generation of x-ray free electron lasers and ultra-fast electron microscopes. These once exotic devices have become essential tools for basic research and…
Two barrier RF systems were fabricated, tested and installed in the Fermilab Main Injector. Each can provide 8 kV rectangular pulses (the RF barriers) at 90 kHz. When a stationary barrier is combined with a moving barrier, injected beams…
This paper reviews the main types of r.f. power amplifiers which are, or may be, used for particle accelerators. It covers solid-state devices, tetrodes, inductive output tubes, klystrons, magnetrons, and gyrotrons with power outputs…
Industrial particle accelerators inherently operate in much dirtier environments than typical research accelerators. This leads to an increase in noise both in the RF system and in other electronic systems. Combined with the fact that…
An observer framework is presented for robust regulation of RF cavity fields and localized identification of disturbances in RF systems. A standard cavity field observer is augmented with additional states to estimate the evolution of…
Robots are often shipped insecure and in some cases fully unprotected. The rationale behind is fourfold: first, defensive security mechanisms for robots are still on their early stages, not covering the complete threat landscape. Second,…
Secure ranging is poised to play a critical role in several emerging applications such as self-driving cars, unmanned aerial systems, wireless IoT devices, and augmented reality. In this paper, we propose a design of a secure broadcast…
Radio Frequency (RF) sensing technologies have experienced significant growth due to the widespread adoption of RF devices and the Internet of Things (IoT). These technologies enable numerous applications across healthcare, smart homes,…
The paper gives a short overview of the principles of particle accelerators, their historical development and the typical performance limitations. After an introduction to the basic concepts, the main emphasis is to sketch the layout of…
Free electron lasers (FEL) require strict time relations for the electron bunch and RF field interaction, which must be precise and deterministic in time. This is guaranteed by the timing and synchronization systems that should be robust…
The Fermilab Linac delivers 400 MeV H- beam to the rest of the accelerator chain. Providing stable intensity, energy, and emittance is key since it directly affects downstream machines. To operate high current beam, accelerators must…
Operation of radar equipment is one of the key facilities used by navigators to gather situational awareness about their surroundings. With an ever increasing need for always-running logistics and tighter shipping schedules, operators are…