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The Tile Automata (TA) model describes self-assembly systems in which monomers can build structures and transition with an adjacent monomer to change their states. This paper shows that seeded TA is a non-committal intrinsically universal…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2024-07-17 Tim Gomez , Elise Grizzell , Asher Haun , Ryan Knobel , Tom Peters , Robert Schweller , Tim Wylie

We define the Reflexive Tile Assembly Model (RTAM), which is obtained from the abstract Tile Assembly Model (aTAM) by allowing tiles to reflect across their horizontal and/or vertical axes. We show that the class of directed temperature-1…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Jacob Hendricks , Matthew J. Patitz , Trent A. Rogers

Traditionally, computation within self-assembly models is hard to conceal because the self-assembly process generates a crystalline assembly whose computational history is inherently part of the structure itself. With no way to remove…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Angel A. Cantu , Austin Luchsinger , Robert Schweller , Tim Wylie

In this paper, we investigate shape-assembling power of a tile-based model of self-assembly called the Signal-Passing Tile Assembly Model (STAM). In this model, the glues that bind tiles together can be turned on and off by the binding…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Andrew Alseth , Daniel Hader , Matthew J. Patitz

Tile assembly systems in the abstract Tile Assembly Model (aTAM) are computationally universal and capable of building complex shapes, but DNA-based implementations encounter formidable error rates that stifle this theoretical potential.…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Phillip Drake , Daniel Hader , Matthew J. Patitz

This paper introduces the theory and practice of formal verification of self-assembling systems. We interpret a well-studied abstraction of nanomolecular self assembly, the Abstract Tile Assembly Model (aTAM), into Computation Tree Logic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-07-22 Aaron Sterling

In this paper, we work in a 2D version of the probabilistic variant of Winfree's abstract Tile Assembly Model defined by Chandran, Gopalkrishnan and Reif (SICOMP 2012) in which attaching tiles are sampled uniformly with replacement. First,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-13 David Furcy , Scott M. Summers

We prove the computational weakness of a model of tile assembly that has so far resisted many attempts of formal analysis or positive constructions. Specifically, we prove that, in Winfree's abstract Tile Assembly Model, when restricted to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-07-31 Pierre-Étienne Meunier , Damien Regnault

We prove a result which strongly hints at the computational weakness of a model of tile assembly that has so far resisted many attempts of formal analysis or positive constructions. Specifically, we prove that, in Winfree's abstract Tile…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-10-28 Pierre-Étienne Meunier , Damien Regnault

We prove a Pumping Lemma for the noncooperative abstract Tile Assembly Model, a model central to the theory of algorithmic self-assembly since the beginning of the field. This theory suggests, and our result proves, that small differences…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Pierre-Étienne Meunier , Damien Regnault , Damien Woods

We show the first non-trivial positive algorithmic results (i.e. programs whose output is larger than their size), in a model of self-assembly that has so far resisted many attempts of formal analysis or programming: the planar…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2014-07-11 Pierre-Étienne Meunier

In this paper, we prove that in the abstract Tile Assembly Model (aTAM), an accretion-based model which only allows for a single tile to attach to a growing assembly at each step, there are no tile assembly systems capable of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Jacob Hendricks , Joseph Opseth , Matthew Patitz , Scott Summers

Many different definitions of computational universality for various types of dynamical systems have flourished since Turing's work. We propose a general definition of universality that applies to arbitrary discrete time symbolic dynamical…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Jean-Charles Delvenne , Petr Kurka , Vincent Blondel

In this paper we introduce the \emph{robust random number generation} problem where the goal is to design an abstract tile assembly system (aTAM system) whose terminal assemblies can be split into $n$ partitions such that a resulting…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-01 Cameron Chalk , Bin Fu , Eric Martinez , Robert Schweller , Tim Wylie

Though many safety-critical software systems use floating point to represent real-world input and output, programmers usually have idealized versions in mind that compute with real numbers. Significant deviations from the ideal can cause…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-05-02 Benjamin Sherman , Luke Sciarappa , Adam Chlipala , Michael Carbin

In this paper we present a model containing modifications to the Signal-passing Tile Assembly Model (STAM), a tile-based self-assembly model whose tiles are capable of activating and deactivating glues based on the binding of other glues.…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Andrew Alseth , Daniel Hader , Matthew J. Patitz

This work establishes a rigorous theoretical foundation for analyzing deep learning systems by leveraging Infinite Time Turing Machines (ITTMs), which extend classical computation into transfinite ordinal steps. Using ITTMs, we reinterpret…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Rukmal Weerawarana , Maxwell Braun

We review some recent results related to the self-assembly of infinite structures in the Tile Assembly Model. These results include impossibility results, as well as novel tile assembly systems in which shapes and patterns that represent…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-06-19 Matthew J. Patitz , Scott M. Summers

Harnessing the intrinsic dynamics of physical systems for information processing opens new avenues for computation embodied in matter. Using simulations of a model system, we show that assemblies of DNA tiles capable of self-organizing into…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-10-23 Tim E. Veenstra , René van Roij , Marjolein Dijkstra

Laboratory investigations have shown that a formal theory of fault-tolerance will be essential to harness nanoscale self-assembly as a medium of computation. Several researchers have voiced an intuition that self-assembly phenomena are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2010-07-20 Aaron Sterling