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A graph is IC-planar if it admits a drawing in the plane with at most one crossing per edge and such that two pairs of crossing edges share no common end vertex. IC-planarity specializes both NIC-planarity, which allows a pair of crossing…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-07-28 Christian Bachmaier , Franz J. Brandenburg , Kathrin Hanauer

We give a precise description of combed trees in terms of Kelly-Mac Lane graphs. We show that any combed tree is uniquely expressed as an allowable Kelly-Mac Lane graph of a certain shape. Conversely, we show that any such Kelly-Mac Lane…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Eugenia Cheng

A set P of points in R^2 is n-universal, if every planar graph on n vertices admits a plane straight-line embedding on P. Answering a question by Kobourov, we show that there is no n-universal point set of size n, for any n>=15. Conversely,…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2013-08-28 Jean Cardinal , Michael Hoffmann , Vincent Kusters

The paper is concerned with the linkedness of the graphs of cubical polytopes. A graph with at least $2k$ vertices is \textit{$k$-linked} if, for every set of $k$ disjoint pairs of vertices, there are $k$ vertex-disjoint paths joining the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-13 Hoa T. Bui , Guillermo Pineda-Villavicencio , Julien Ugon

The number of topologically different plane real algebraic curves of a given degree $d$ has the form $\exp(C d^2 + o(d^2))$. We determine the best available upper bound for the constant $C$. This bound follows from Arnold inequalities on…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 V. Kharlamov , S. Orevkov

In this paper, we introduce two families of planar and self-similar graphs which have small-world properties. The constructed models are based on an iterative process where each step of a certain formulation of modules results in a final…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-19 Muhammed Alaa Morsy , Mohamed Anwar , Abdallah Aboutahoun

Just how many different connected shapes result from slicing a cube along some of its edges and unfolding it into the plane? In this article we answer this question by viewing the cube both as a surface and as a graph of vertices and edges.…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2016-04-20 Richard Goldstone , Robert Suzzi Valli

We consider the class F of 2-connected non-planar K_{3,3}-subdivision-free graphs that are embeddable in the projective plane. We show that these graphs admit a unique decomposition as a graph K_5 (the core) where the edges are replaced by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-12-23 Andrei Gagarin , Gilbert Labelle , Pierre Leroux

A geometric graph is a graph drawn in the plane so that its vertices and edges are represented by points in general position and straight line segments, respectively. A vertex of a geometric graph is called pointed if it lies outside of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-31 Nikita Chernega , Alexandr Polyanskii , Rinat Sadykov

For every integer $n\geq 1$, we consider a random planar map $\mathcal{M}_n$ which is uniformly distributed over the class of all rooted bipartite planar maps with $n$ edges. We prove that the vertex set of $\mathcal{M}_n$ equipped with the…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-07-24 Céline Abraham

We consider a modified notion of planarity, in which two nations of a map are considered adjacent when they share any point of their boundaries (not necessarily an edge, as planarity requires). Such adjacencies define a map graph. We give…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Zhi-Zhong Chen , Michelangelo Grigni , Christos Papadimitriou

In the present work the rooted and unrooted d-regular maps on 2-dimentional oriented surfaces of genus g are enumerated. Separately and in more detail the case of d-regular maps with a single face are considered.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-17 E. S. Krasko , A. V. Omelchenko

A convex combination mapping of a planar graph is a plane mapping in which the external vertices are mapped to the corners of a convex polygon and every internal vertex is a proper weighted average of its neighbours. If a planar graph is…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2007-08-08 Colm O Dunlaing

We find a family of planar bipartite graphs all of whose Lombardi drawings (drawings with circular arcs for edges, meeting at equal angles at the vertices) are nonplanar. We also find families of embedded series-parallel graphs and…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-12-10 David Eppstein

In this note, we provide a bijection between a new collection of words on nonnegative integers of length n and Dyck paths of length 2n-2, thus proving that this collection belongs to the Catalan family. The surprising key step in this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-05-26 Christian Stump

For each integer $k \in [0,9]$, we count the number of plane cubic curves defined over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ that do not share a common component and intersect in exactly $k\ \mathbb{F}_q$-rational points. We set this up as a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-24 Nathan Kaplan , Vlad Matei

Planes are familiar mathematical objects which lie at the subtle boundary between continuous geometry and discrete combinatorics. A plane is geometrical, certainly, but the ways that two planes can interact break cleanly into discrete sets:…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-04-17 Stefan Forcey

We count the number of closed walks on a vertex in a regular tree using the Catalan's triangle and also the Borel's triangle, showing another combinatorial structure counted by these two array of numbers.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-20 Lord C. Kavi , Michael W. Newman

We present a new method to count unrooted maps on the sphere up to orientation-preserving homeomorphisms. The principle, called tree-decomposition, is to deform a map into an arborescent structure whose nodes are occupied by constrained…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Eric Fusy

We consider two types of geometric graphs on point sets on the plane based on a plane set C: one obtained by translates of C, another by positively scaled translates (homothets) of C. For compact and convex C, graphs defined by scaled…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2010-12-23 Deniz Sarioz