Related papers: Introduction to Machine Protection
Space debris and micrometeoroid (MMOD) impacts pose a serious threat to the safe operation of spacecraft. However, traditional protective structures typically suffer from limitations such as excessive thickness and inadequate load-bearing…
This dissertation highlights the growing interest in and adoption of machine learning (ML) approaches for fault detection in modern power grids. Once a fault has occurred, it must be identified quickly and preventative steps must be taken…
A superconducting (SC) linac is expected to lead to outstanding discoveries in various scientific fields because its beam current is a few orders of magnitude larger than in a normal-conducting linac. However, the widespread use of SC linac…
The performance and safe operation of a particle accelerator is closely connected to the transverse emittance of the beams it produces. For this reason many techniques have been developed over the years for monitoring the transverse…
This paper gives an overview of the beam injection and extraction principles for accelerators. After a brief general introduction, it explains different methods of injecting the beam for hadron and lepton machines. It describes single- and…
The Higher-Energy LHC (HE-LHC) should collide two proton beams of 16.5-TeV energy, circulating in the LHC tunnel. We discuss the main parameter choices, as well as some optics and beam dynamics issues, in particular the time evolution of…
The physics programme and the design are described of a new collider for particle and nuclear physics, the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC), in which a newly built electron beam of 60 GeV, up to possibly 140 GeV, energy collides with…
Machine learning (ML) components are increasingly integrated into software products, yet their complexity and inherent uncertainty often lead to unintended and hazardous consequences, both for individuals and society at large. Despite these…
Negative hydrogen ions are often used for injecting protons from linacs to storage rings via charge-exchange injection. In this process, the two electrons are stripped by a foil or laser to produce protons which can be merged with an…
Emittance is a beam quality that is vital for many future applications of advanced accelerators, such as compact free-electron lasers and linear colliders. In this paper, we review the challenges of preserving the transverse emittance…
Particle accelerators for high energy physics will generate TeV-scale particle beams in large, multi-Km size machines colliding high brightness beams at the interaction point [1-4]. The high luminosity in such machines is achieved by…
In current accelerators, numerous parameters and monitored values are to be adjusted and evaluated, respectively. In addition, fine adjustments are required to achieve the target performance. Therefore, the conventional…
The first mention of the impedance concept appeared on November 1966 in the CERN internal report "Longitudinal instability of a coasting beam above transition, due to the action of lumped discontinuities" by V.G. Vaccaro. This was the…
Particle accelerators technology is one of the generic technologies which is locomotive of the development in almost all fields of science and technology. According to the U.S. Department of Energy: "Accelerators underpin every activity of…
While well studied in the absence of beam-beam and while colliding head-on, the stability of the LHC beams can be very critical in intermediate steps. During the squeeze, the long-range beam-beam interaction becomes a critical component of…
Machine learning (ML) models deployed in many safety- and business-critical systems are vulnerable to exploitation through adversarial examples. A large body of academic research has thoroughly explored the causes of these blind spots,…
Novel beam-intercepting materials and targetry concepts are essential to improve the performance, reliability and operation lifetimes of next generation multi-megawatt (multi-MW) accelerator target facilities. The beam-intercepting…
The LHC detectors are well into their construction phase. The LHC schedule shows first beam to ATLAS and CMS in 2007. Because the LHC accelerator has begun to plan for a ten fold increase in LHC design luminosity (the SLHC or super LHC) it…
The success of the first few years of LHC operations at CERN, and the expectation of more to come as the LHC performance improves, are already leading to discussions of what should be next for both proton-proton and electron-positron…
Additive Manufacturing (AM), a.k.a. 3D Printing, is increasingly used to manufacture functional parts of safety-critical systems. AM's dependence on computerization raises the concern that the AM process can be tampered with, and a part's…