Related papers: Introduction to Machine Protection
The paper gives a short overview of the principles of particle accelerators, their historical development and the typical performance limitations. After an introduction to the basic concepts, the main emphasis is to sketch the layout of…
Risk is a fundamental consideration when designing electronic systems. For most systems a view of risk can assist in setting design objectives, whereas both a qualitative and quantitative understanding of risk is mandatory when considering…
The paper gives an overview of the principles of particle accelerators and their historical development. After introducing the basic concepts, the main emphasis is on sketching the layout of modern storage rings and discussing their…
The HE-LHC study investigates the possibilities for upgrading the beam energy of the Large Hadron Collider CERN from 7 TeV to 16.5 TeV. This paper presents a preliminary investigation of intensity issues and machine protection for the…
Plasma accelerators are rapidly evolving toward user-relevant machines with increasing repetition rates, particle energies and average beam powers. Despite their compact size, the operational characteristics of plasma accelerators are…
Since November 2009, the LHC commissioning progresses very well, both with proton and lead beams. It will continue in 2011 and nominal LHC operation is expected to be attained in 2013. In parallel, plans for various LHC upgrades are under…
The next generation of accelerators for MegaWatt proton, electron and heavy-ion beams puts unprecedented requirements on the accuracy of particle production predictions, the capability and reliability of the codes used in planning new…
The PIP-II Injector Test 1 PIP2IT facility accelerator was assembled in multiple stages in 2014 $-$ 2021 to test concepts and components of the future PIPII linac that is being constructed at Fermilab. In its final configuration, PIP2IT…
With the new GSI High Current Injector, the beam pulse intensity will be increased by more than two orders of magnitude. The high beam power and the short stopping range at particle energies below 12 MeV/u can destroy accelerator components…
Along with the protection of magnets and power converters, we have added a section on personnel protection because this is our highest priority in the design and operation of power systems. Thus, our topics are the protection of people,…
Machine learning (ML) is a subfield of artificial intelligence. The term applies broadly to a collection of computational algorithms and techniques that train systems from raw data rather than a priori models. ML techniques are now…
Beam Intercepting Devices (BIDs) are essential protection elements for the operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) complex. The LHC internal beam dump (LHC Target Dump Injection or LHC TDI) is the main protection BID of the LHC…
Beam stoppers are installed in the transfer lines of the CERN accelerator complex; these components are used as part of the access safety system, which guarantees the safety of workers in the accelerators. They are designed to stop one or…
Magnet power supplies in the PSI accelerator complex with their control and field-bus are old. Some components are more then 30 years old. To guarantee further maintenance and to meet the more demanding specifications for operation with the…
When a beam propagates in an accelerator, it interacts with both the external fields and the self-generated electromagnetic fields. If the latter are strong enough, the interplay between them and a perturbation in the beam distribution…
Non-linear effects in accelerator physics are important for both successful operation of accelerators and during the design stage. Since both of these aspects are closely related, they will be treated together in this overview. Some of the…
Several indicators have pointed to the presence of an Electron Cloud (EC) in some of the CERN accelerators, when operating with closely spaced bunched beams. In particular, spurious signals on the pick ups used for beam detection, pressure…
Unforeseen particle accelerator interruptions, also known as interlocks, lead to abrupt operational changes despite being necessary safety measures. These may result in substantial loss of beam time and perhaps even equipment damage. We…
The beam aperture of a particle accelerator defines the clearance available for the circulating beams and is a parameter of paramount importance for the accelerator performance. At the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the knowledge and…
The Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) was the first prototype of a new type of accelerator, the electron-positron linear collider. Many years of dedicated effort were required to understand the physics of this new technology and to develop the…