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In this work, a second-order approximation of the fractional substantial derivative is presented by considering a modified shifted substantial Gr\"{u}nwald formula and its asymptotic expansion. Moreover, the proposed approximation is…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-07-26 Zhaopeng Hao , Wanrong Cao , Guang Lin

We investigate diffusion equations with time-fractional derivatives of space-dependent variable order. We examine the well-posedness issue and prove that the space-dependent variable order coefficient is uniquely determined among other…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-12-05 Yavar Kian , Eric Soccorsi , Masahiro Yamamoto

The first part of this paper introduces sufficient conditions to determine conservation laws of diffusion equations of arbitrary fractional order in time. Numerical methods that satisfy a discrete analogue of these conditions have…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-07 Angelamaria Cardone , Gianluca Frasca-Caccia

Fractional derivatives can be used to model time delays in a diffusion process. When the order of the fractional derivative is distributed over the unit interval, it is useful for modeling a mixture of delay sources. In some special cases…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-11-29 Jebessa B. Mijena , Erkan Nane

In this article we consider the estimation of static parameters for partially observed diffusion processes with discrete-time observations over a fixed time interval. In particular, when one only has access to time-discretized solutions of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-26 Miguel Alvarez , Ajay Jasra

This paper is concerned with a new type of inverse obstacle problem governed by a variable-order time-fraction diffusion equation in a bounded domain. The unknown obstacle is a region where the space dependent variable-order of fractional…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-02-18 Masaru Ikehata , Yavar Kian

We present and analyze a space-time Petrov-Galerkin finite element method for a time-fractional diffusion equation involving a Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative of order $\alpha\in(0,1)$ in time and zero initial data. We derive a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-07-26 Beiping Duan , Bangti Jin , Raytcho Lazarov , Joseph Pasciak , Zhi Zhou

In this paper, two kinds of high-order compact finite difference schemes for second-order derivative are developed. Then a second-order numerical scheme for Riemann-Liouvile derivative is established based on fractional center difference…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-11-22 Hengfei Ding , Changpin Li

The subdiffusion equation with a Caputo fractional derivative of order $\alpha\in(0,1)$ in time arises in a wide variety of practical applications, and it is often adopted to model anomalous subdiffusion processes in heterogeneous media.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-01-05 Bangti Jin , Raytcho Lazarov , Zhi Zhou

In this paper, we consider a fast and second-order implicit difference method for approximation of a class of time-space fractional variable coefficients advection-diffusion equation. To begin with, we construct an implicit difference…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-07-12 Yong-Liang Zhao , Ting-Zhu Huang , Xian-Ming Gu , Wei-Hua Luo

This article is in continuation of our earlier article [37] in which computational solution of an unified reaction-diffusion equation of distributed order associated with Caputo derivatives as the time-derivative and Riesz-Feller derivative…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2012-11-02 R. K. Saxena , A. M. Mathai , H. J. Haubold

We give an introduction into diffraction theory for aperiodic order. We focus on an approach via dynamical systems and the phenomenon of pure point diffraction. We review recent results and sketch proofs. We then present a new uniform…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-12-11 Daniel Lenz

The object of this paper is to present a computable solution of a fractional partial differential equation associated with a Riemann-Liouville derivative of fractional order as the time-derivative and Riesz-Feller fractional derivative as…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-10-03 R. K. Saxena , A. M. Mathai , H. J. Haubold

Guiding unconditional diffusion models typically requires either retraining with conditional inputs or per-step gradient computations (e.g., classifier-based guidance), both of which incur substantial computational overhead. We present a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Qingsong Wang , Mikhail Belkin , Yusu Wang

Inference-time controllable generation is essential for real-world applications of unconditional diffusion models. However, most existing techniques focus on individual samples, struggling in applications that require the sample population…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Hao Luan , See-Kiong Ng , Chun Kai Ling

We study a fully discrete finite element method for variable-order time-fractional diffusion equations with a time-dependent variable order. Optimal convergence estimates are proved with the first-order accuracy in time (and second order…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-05-15 Xiangcheng Zheng , Fanhai Zeng , Hong Wang

We study an initial-boundary value problem of variable-order time-fractional diffusion equations in one space dimension. Based on the wellposedness of the proposed model and the smoothing properties of its solutions, which are shown to be…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-01-08 Xiangcheng Zheng , Jin Cheng , Hong Wang

In the paper, we propose an analytical and numerical approach to identify scalar parameters (coefficients, orders of fractional derivatives) in the multi-term fractional differential operator in time, $\mathbf{D}_t$. To this end, we analyze…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Andrii Hulianytskyi , Sergei Pereverzyev , Sergii Siryk , Nataliya Vasylyeva

The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of the regional boundary asymptotic gradient full order observer (RBAGFO-observer) in connection with the characterizations of sensors structures. Then, we present various results related…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-05 Zinah A. Khalid , Raheam A. Al-Saphory

We introduce the concept of fractional derivative of Riemann-Liouville on time scales. Fundamental properties of the new operator are proved, as well as an existence and uniqueness result for a fractional initial value problem on an…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2015-12-24 Nadia Benkhettou , Ahmed Hammoudi , Delfim F. M. Torres