Related papers: Pointed computations and Martin-L\"of randomness
For every total recursive time bound $t$, a constant fraction of all compressible (low Kolmogorov complexity) strings is $t$-bounded incompressible (high time-bounded Kolmogorov complexity); there are uncountably many infinite sequences of…
Assuming a $q$-variant of the prime $k$-tuple conjecture uniformly, we compute mixed moments of the number of primes in disjoint short intervals and progressions, respectively. This involves estimating the mean of singular series along…
For each odd prime power q, we construct an infinite sequence of rational functions f(X) in F_q(X), each of which is exceptional, which means that for infinitely many n the map c-->f(c) induces a bijection of P^1(F_{q^n}). Moreover, each of…
The probability that a zero of a random real polynomial of increasing degree is real tends to zero. However, passing from polynomials to Laurent polynomials yields a surprising result: the probability that a root is real tends not to zero,…
Given an alphabet $S$, we consider the size of the subsets of the full sequence space $S^{\rm {\bf Z}}$ determined by the additional restriction that $x_i\not=x_{i+f(n)},\ i\in {\rm {\bf Z}},\ n\in {\rm {\bf N}}.$ Here $f$ is a positive,…
We study the question, ``For which reals $x$ does there exist a measure $\mu$ such that $x$ is random relative to $\mu$?'' We show that for every nonrecursive $x$, there is a measure which makes $x$ random without concentrating on $x$. We…
We show that for any polynomial $f$ from the integers to the integers, with positive leading coefficient and irreducible over the rationals, if $x$ is large enough then there is a string of $(\log x)(\log\log x)^{1/835}$ consecutive…
We say that a real X is n-generic relative to a perfect tree T if X is a path through T and for all Sigma^0_n (T) sets S, there exists a number k such that either X|k is in S or for all tau in T extending X|k we have tau is not in S. A real…
A coarse description of a subset A of omega is a subset D of omega such that the symmetric difference of A and D has asymptotic density 0. We study the extent to which noncomputable information can be effectively recovered from all coarse…
It is folklore particularly in numerical and computer sciences that, instead of solving some general problem f:A->B, additional structural information about the input x in A (that is any kind of promise that x belongs to a certain subset A'…
Given an order, a commutative ring whose additive group is free of finite rank, a natural computational question is whether a fixed univariate polynomial $f \in \mathbb{Z}[X]$ has a root in this ring. In this paper, we show that the…
This paper establishes for the first time the predictive performance of speed priors and their computational complexity. A speed prior is essentially a probability distribution that puts low probability on strings that are not efficiently…
In this work, lossy distributed compression of pairs of correlated sources is considered. Conventionally, Shannon's random coding arguments -- using randomly generated unstructured codebooks whose blocklength is taken to be asymptotically…
In this paper, we will generalize the definition of partially random or complex reals, and then show the duality of random and complex, i.e., a generalized version of Levin-Schnorr's theorem. We also study randomness from the view point of…
A remarkable achievement in algorithmic randomness and algorithmic information theory was the discovery of the notions of K-trivial, K-low and Martin-Lof-random-low sets: three different definitions turns out to be equivalent for very…
Let f(t) be a rational function of degree at least 2 with rational coefficients. For a given rational number x_0, define x_{n+1}=f(x_n) for each nonnegative integer n. If this sequence is not eventually periodic, then the difference…
In this article we call a sequence $(a_n)_n$ of elements of a metric space nearly computably Cauchy if for every strictly increasing computable function $r:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{N}$ the sequence $(d(a_{r(n+1)},a_{r(n)}))_n$ converges…
An integer program (IP) with a finite number of feasible solutions may have an unbounded linear programming relaxation if it contains irrational parameters, due to implicit constraints enforced by the irrational numbers. We show that those…
We show that the set of numbers that are $Q$-distribution normal but not simply $Q$-ratio normal has full Hausdorff dimension. It is further shown under some conditions that countable intersections of sets of this form still have full…
As inductive inference and machine learning methods in computer science see continued success, researchers are aiming to describe ever more complex probabilistic models and inference algorithms. It is natural to ask whether there is a…