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Saliency methods can make deep neural network predictions more interpretable by identifying a set of critical features in an input sample, such as pixels that contribute most strongly to a prediction made by an image classifier.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Yang Lu , Wenbo Guo , Xinyu Xing , William Stafford Noble

Saliency methods are a popular class of feature attribution explanation methods that aim to capture a model's predictive reasoning by identifying "important" pixels in an input image. However, the development and adoption of these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Joon Sik Kim , Gregory Plumb , Ameet Talwalkar

Dozens of new models on fixation prediction are published every year and compared on open benchmarks such as MIT300 and LSUN. However, progress in the field can be difficult to judge because models are compared using a variety of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-26 Matthias Kümmerer , Thomas S. A. Wallis , Matthias Bethge

Saliency methods are a common class of machine learning interpretability techniques that calculate how important each input feature is to a model's output. We find that, with the rapid pace of development, users struggle to stay informed of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Angie Boggust , Harini Suresh , Hendrik Strobelt , John V. Guttag , Arvind Satyanarayan

With their increase in performance, neural network architectures also become more complex, necessitating explainability. Therefore, many new and improved methods are currently emerging, which often generate so-called saliency maps in order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Leonid Schwenke , Martin Atzmueller

Salient object detection has been attracting a lot of interest, and recently various heuristic computational models have been designed. In this paper, we formulate saliency map computation as a regression problem. Our method, which is based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-09-05 Huaizu Jiang , Zejian Yuan , Ming-Ming Cheng , Yihong Gong , Nanning Zheng , Jingdong Wang

Saliency maps are a popular approach for explaining classifications of (convolutional) neural networks. However, it remains an open question as to how best to evaluate salience maps, with three families of evaluation methods commonly being…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Felix Kares , Timo Speith , Hanwei Zhang , Markus Langer

Existing saliency-guided training approaches improve model generalization by incorporating a loss term that compares the model's class activation map (CAM) for a sample's true-class ({\it i.e.}, correct-label class) against a human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Jacob Piland , Chris Sweet , Adam Czajka

Post-hoc saliency methods are widely used to interpret deep neural networks, but their faithfulness is difficult to evaluate reliably. Existing evaluations mask features according to saliency-induced feature ordering and measure performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Chia-Ying Hsieh , Hsin-Yuan Fang , Chun-Shu Wei

Saliency methods have emerged as a popular tool to highlight features in an input deemed relevant for the prediction of a learned model. Several saliency methods have been proposed, often guided by visual appeal on image data. In this work,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Julius Adebayo , Justin Gilmer , Michael Muelly , Ian Goodfellow , Moritz Hardt , Been Kim

High-quality saliency maps are essential in several machine learning application areas including explainable AI and weakly supervised object detection and segmentation. Many techniques have been developed to generate better saliency using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Osman Tursun , Simon Denman , Sridha Sridharan , Clinton Fookes

One of the significant challenges of deep neural networks is that the complex nature of the network prevents human comprehension of the outcome of the network. Consequently, the applicability of complex machine learning models is limited in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Shailja Thakur , Sebastian Fischmeister

We propose a novel image retrieval framework for visual saliency detection using information about salient objects contained within bounding box annotations for similar images. For each test image, we train a customized SVM from similar…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-09-26 Shuang Li , Peter Mathews

We describe an explainable AI saliency map method for use with deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) that is much more efficient than popular fine-resolution gradient methods. It is also quantitatively similar or better in accuracy. Our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-11 T. Nathan Mundhenk , Barry Y. Chen , Gerald Friedland

Saliency maps have become a widely used method to make deep learning models more interpretable by providing post-hoc explanations of classifiers through identification of the most pertinent areas of the input medical image. They are…

Learning computational models for visual attention (saliency estimation) is an effort to inch machines/robots closer to human visual cognitive abilities. Data-driven efforts have dominated the landscape since the introduction of deep neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Navyasri Reddy , Samyak Jain , Pradeep Yarlagadda , Vineet Gandhi

Understanding specifically where a model focuses on within an image is critical for human interpretability of the decision-making process. Deep learning-based solutions are prone to learning coincidental correlations in training datasets,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Aidan Boyd , Mohamed Trabelsi , Huseyin Uzunalioglu , Dan Kushnir

The performance of convolutional neural networks has continued to improve over the last decade. At the same time, as model complexity grows, it becomes increasingly more difficult to explain model decisions. Such explanations may be of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Colton Crum , Patrick Tinsley , Aidan Boyd , Jacob Piland , Christopher Sweet , Timothy Kelley , Kevin Bowyer , Adam Czajka

The Saliency Model Implementation Library for Experimental Research (SMILER) is a new software package which provides an open, standardized, and extensible framework for maintaining and executing computational saliency models. This work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Calden Wloka , Toni Kunić , Iuliia Kotseruba , Ramin Fahimi , Nicholas Frosst , Neil D. B. Bruce , John K. Tsotsos

Class activation map (CAM) helps to formulate saliency maps that aid in interpreting the deep neural network's prediction. Gradient-based methods are generally faster than other branches of vision interpretability and independent of human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Masud An Nur Islam Fahim , Nazmus Saqib , Shafkat Khan Siam , Ho Yub Jung
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