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Current structure models of Jupiter and Saturn suggest that helium becomes immiscible in hydrogen in the outer part of the planets' electrically conducting regions. This likely leads to a layer in which overturning convection is inhibited…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-07 Paula N. Wulff , Hao Cao , Jonathan M. Aurnou

A coupled map model for cloud dynamics is proposed, which consists of the successive operations of the physical processes; buoyancy, diffusion, viscosity, adiabatic expansion, fall of a droplet by gravity, descent flow dragged by the…

chao-dyn · Physics 2021-01-29 Tatsuo Yanagita , Kunihiko Kaneko

Atmospheric circulation patterns derived from multi-spectral remote sensing can serve as a guide for choosing a suitable entry site for a future in situ probe mission. Since the Voyager-2 flybys in the 1980s, three decades of observations…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-11 Leigh N. Fletcher , Imke de Pater , Glenn S. Orton , Mark D. Hofstadter , Patrick G. J. Irwin , Michael Roman , Daniel Toledo

Hot Jupiters might reside inside the Alfv\'en surface of their host star wind, where the stellar wind is dominated by magnetic energy. The implications of such a sub-Alfv\'enic environment for atmospheric escape are not fully understood.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-14 Andrés Presa , Florian A. Driessen , Aline A. Vidotto

In-order to understand the results of recent observations of exoplanets, models have become increasingly complex. Unfortunately this increases both the computational cost and output size of said models. We intend to explore if…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-20 F. Sainsbury-Martinez , P. Tremblin , M. Mancip , S. Donfack , E. Honore , M. Bourenane

Hot Jupiters can experience mass loss driven by heating from UV radiation from their host stars, and this flow is often controlled by magnetic fields. More specifically, near the planetry surface, the magnetic pressure dominates the ram…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-09-24 Fred C. Adams , James E. Owen

Coupled mixed convective and stratified systems are common in natural flows. To study experimentally the associated dynamics, we use a singular property of water: its non-linear equation of state is characterised by a maximum density close…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-11-10 Pierre Léard , Benjamin Favier , Patrice Le Gal , Michael Le Bars

How deep do Saturn's zonal winds penetrate below the cloud-level has been a decades-long question, with important implications not only for the atmospheric dynamics, but also for the interior density structure, composition, magnetic field…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-13 Eli Galanti , Yohai Kaspi , Yamila Miguel , Tristan Guillot , Daniele Durante , Paolo Racioppa , Luciano Iess

Turbulence is ubiquitous in Solar System planetary atmospheres. In hot Jupiter atmospheres, the combination of moderately slow rotation and thick pressure scale height may result in dynamical weather structures with unusually large,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Emily Rauscher , Kristen Menou , James Y-K. Cho , Sara Seager , Brad Hansen

Jupiter's tropospheric composition and cloud structure are studied using Cassini VIMS 4.5-5.1 {\mu}m thermal emission spectra from the 2000-2001 flyby. We make use of both nadir and limb darkening observations on the planet's nightside, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-10-11 Rohini S. Giles , Leigh N. Fletcher , Patrick G. J. Irwin

Based on models derived from Earth's magnetotail, other planets with dipole magnetic fields, including Mercury, Jupiter, and Saturn, were expected to possess similar magnetotail configurations. In this traditional picture, the majority of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-29 Yan Xu , Zhonghua Yao , Frederic Allegrini , Shengyi Ye , Binzheng Zhang , Zhili Zeng , Enhao Feng , Jiuwen Sun , William Dunn , Scott Bolton

Relatively long-period nonsynchronized planets---such as warm Jupiters---potentially retain the primordial rotation, eccentricity, and obliquity that might encapsulate information on planetary climate and formation processes. To date, there…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-20 Kazumasa Ohno , Xi Zhang

Viewing a data set such as the clouds of Jupiter, coherence is readily apparent to human observers, especially the Great Red Spot, but also other great storms and persistent structures. There are now many different definitions and…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2018-02-09 Abd AlRahman AlMomani , Erik M. Bollt

Ultra-hot Jupiters represent an exciting avenue for testing extreme physics and observing atmospheric circulation regimes not found in our solar system. Their high temperatures result in thermally ionized particles embedded in atmospheric…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-05 Hayley Beltz , Emily Rauscher , Michael Roman , Abigail Guilliat

The atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn exhibit strong and stable zonal winds. How deep the winds penetrate unabated into each planet is unknown. Our investigation favors shallow winds. It consists of two parts. The first part makes use of an…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Junjun Liu , Peter Goldreich , David Stevenson

Recent (2011) results from the Nice Observatory indicate the existence of global seismic modes on Jupiter in the frequency range between 0.7 and 1.5mHz with amplitudes of tens of cm/s. Currently, the driving force behind these modes is a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-19 Steve Markham , Dave Stevenson

Gaseous giants are characterized by their deep atmospheres, which lack clear boundaries with their interiors; therefore, their internal states could directly influence atmospheric dynamics. So far, most modeling studies have considered deep…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-31 Yuchen Lian , Pengshuo Duan , Dali Kong

Through the process of thermal ionization, intense stellar irradiation renders Hot Jupiter atmospheres electrically conductive. Simultaneously, lateral variability in the irradiation drives the global circulation with peak wind speeds of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Konstantin Batygin , Sabine Stanley , David J. Stevenson

Ultra-hot Jupiters present extreme atmospheric phenomena not found in the Solar System. These planets' daysides experience strong temperature inversions, molecular species (including H2) dissociate, and magnetism disrupts their atmospheric…

We present a coupled 3-D atmospheric dynamics and radiative transfer model to predict the disk-integrated thermal emission spectra of transiting exoplanets in edge-on orbits. We calculate spectra at high resolution to examine the extent to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-27 Jisheng Zhang , Eliza Kempton , Emily Rauscher