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We investigate the structure of connected graphs, not necessarily locally finite, with infinitely many ends. On the one hand we study end-transitive such graphs and on the other hand we study such graphs with the property that the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-03-19 Matthias Hamann

We define extension maps as maps that extend a system (through adding ancillary systems) without changing the state in the original system. We show, using extension maps, why a completely positive operation on an initially entangled system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Aik-meng Kuah , E. C. G. Sudarshan

Generative models of graph structure have applications in biology and social sciences. The state of the art is GraphRNN, which decomposes the graph generation process into a series of sequential steps. While effective for modest sizes, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-18 Tony Duan , Juho Lee

A cyclic base ordering of a connected graph $G$, is a cyclic ordering of $E(G)$ such that every cyclically consecutive $|V(G)|-1$ edges form a spanning tree. In this project, we study cyclic base ordering of various families of graphs,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-05 Jessica Li , Eric Yang , William Zhang

We take an elementary and systematic approach to the problem of extending the Tutte polynomial to the setting of embedded graphs. Four notions of embedded graphs arise naturally when considering deletion and contraction operations on graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-02 Stephen Huggett , Iain Moffatt

There has been a great deal of attention recently to graphs whose vertex set is a group, defined using the group structure. (The commuting graph, where two elements are joined if they commute, is the oldest and most famous example.) The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Peter J. Cameron

A connected graph $G$ with at least $2m + 2n + 2$ vertices which contains a perfect matching is $E(m, n)$-{\it extendable}, if for any two sets of disjoint independent edges $M$ and $N$ with $|M| = m$ and $|N|= n$, there is a perfect…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Hongliang Lu , Qinglin Yu

We compute the quadratic embedding constant for complete bipartite graphs with disjoint edges removed. Moreover, we study the quadratic embedding property for theta graphs, i.e., graphs consisting of three paths with common initial points…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-02 Wojciech Młotkowski , Marek Skrzypczyk , Michał Wojtylak

A graph $G$ is said to be ubiquitous, if every graph $\Gamma$ that contains arbitrarily many disjoint $G$-minors automatically contains infinitely many disjoint $G$-minors. The well-known Ubiquity conjecture of Andreae says that every…

The periodic discrete Toda equation defined over finite fields has been studied. We obtained the finite graph structures constructed by the network of states where edges denote possible time evolutions. We simplify the graphs by introducing…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2019-06-19 Masataka Kanki , Yuki Takahashi , Tetsuji Tokihiro

For a graph $G$, its $k$-th power $G^k$ is constructed by placing an edge between two vertices if they are within distance $k$ of each other. The $k$-independence number $\alpha_k(G)$ is defined as the independence number of $G^k$. By using…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-15 Aida Abiad , Jiang Zhou

A class $\mathcal{G}$ of graphs is hereditary if it is closed under taking induced subgraphs. We investigate the edge-add class, $\mathcal{G}^{\mathrm{add}}$, consisting of graphs that can be made members of $\mathcal{G}$ by adding at most…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-10 Jagdeep Singh , Vaidy Sivaraman

Let $G$ be a group. The \emph{power graph} of $G$ is a graph with the vertex set $G$, having an edge between two elements whenever one is a power of the other. We characterize nilpotent groups whose power graphs have finite independence…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-31 Ghodratollah Aalipour , Saieed Akbari , Peter J. Cameron , Reza Nikandish , Farzad Shaveisi

A graph $G$ is said to be $\preceq$-ubiquitous, where $\preceq$ is the minor relation between graphs, if whenever $\Gamma$ is a graph with $nG \preceq \Gamma$ for all $n \in \mathbb{N}$, then one also has $\aleph_0 G \preceq \Gamma$, where…

We have exhaustively enumerated all simple, connected graphs of a finite order and have computed a selection of invariants over this set. Integer sequences were constructed from these invariants and checked against the Online Encyclopedia…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-10-23 Travis Hoppe , Anna Petrone

In this paper, we study the construction and transformation of two-dimensional persistent graphs. Persistence is a generalization to directed graphs of the undirected notion of rigidity. In the context of moving autonomous agent formations,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Julien M. Hendrickx , Baris Fidan , Changbin Yu , Brian D. O. Anderson , Vincent D. Blondel

A \emph{temporal graph} is, informally speaking, a graph that changes with time. When time is discrete and only the relationships between the participating entities may change and not the entities themselves, a temporal graph may be viewed…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Othon Michail

We investigate how the metric dimension of infinite graphs change when we add edges to the graph. Our two main results: (1) there exists a growing sequence of graphs (under the subgraph relation, but without adding vertices) for which the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-15 Csaba Biró , Beth Novick , Daniela Olejnikova

Jerrum, Sinclair and Vigoda (2004) showed that the permanent of any square matrix can be estimated in polynomial time. This computation can be viewed as approximating the partition function of edge-weighted matchings in a bipartite graph.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Martin Dyer , Mark Jerrum , Haiko Muller , Kristina Vuskovic

A graph is called $k$-extendable if each $k$-matching can be extended to a perfect matching. We give spectral conditions for the $k$-extendability of graphs and bipartite graphs using Tutte-type and Hall-type structural characterizations.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-31 Yuke Zhang , Edwin R. van Dam