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Related papers: Sub-subleading soft gravitons and large diffeomorp…

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We describe a theory that lives on the null conformal boundary of asymptotically flat space-time, and whose states encode the radiative modes of (super)gravity. We study the induced action of the BMS group, verifying that the Ward identity…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-19 Tim Adamo , Eduardo Casali , David Skinner

It was shown by F. Low in the 1950s that the subleading terms of soft photon S-matrix elements obey a universal linear relation. In this paper we give a new interpretation to this old relation, for the case of massless QED, as an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-09-17 Vyacheslav Lysov , Sabrina Pasterski , Andrew Strominger

We show that the subleading soft photon theorem in a $(d+2)$-dimensional massless abelian gauge theory gives rise to a Ward identity corresponding to divergent large gauge transformations acting on the celestial sphere at null infinity. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-01-08 Temple He , Prahar Mitra

We show that the BMS-supertranslations and their associated supermomenta on past null infinity can be related to those on future null infinity, proving the conjecture of Strominger for a class of spacetimes which are asymptotically-flat in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-04-02 Kartik Prabhu

In recent years soft factorization theorems in scattering amplitudes have been reinterpreted as conservation laws of asymptotic charges. In gauge, gravity, and higher spin theories the asymptotic charges can be understood as canonical…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-04-18 Miguel Campiglia , Laurent Freidel , Florian Hopfmüller , Ronak M Soni

The soft photon and soft graviton theorems of Weinberg are known to derive from conservation laws associated with asymptotic symmetries. Within the corresponding classical theories, one often speaks of spontaneous symmetry breaking and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-10 Shreyansh Agrawal , Kevin Nguyen

We derive the subleading soft graviton theorem in a generic quantum theory of gravity for arbitrary number of soft external gravitons and arbitrary number of finite energy external states carrying arbitrary mass and spin. Our results are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-01-17 Subhroneel Chakrabarti , Sitender Pratap Kashyap , Biswajit Sahoo , Ashoke Sen , Mritunjay Verma

We consider soft electrons in massless QED at tree-level. The emission amplitude at leading order in the soft electron energy factorizes in a way similar to the soft photon case. We recast the soft electron factorization formula as a Ward…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-07-24 Adrián Agriela , Miguel Campiglia

The multi-vector generalization of a rigid, partially-broken $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric theory is presented as a rigid limit of a suitable gauged $\mathcal{N}=2$ supergravity with electric, magnetic charges and antisymmetric tensor…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-09-15 Laura Andrianopoli , Patrick Concha , Riccardo D'Auria , Evelyn Rodriguez , Mario Trigiante

The symmetries of asymptotically flat spacetimes impose constraints on observables at infinity. The consequences of this have been extensively explored for S-matrix elements, where soft theorems are known to be equivalent to Ward identities…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-03 Ian Moult , Sruthi A. Narayanan , Sabrina Pasterski

We present a Ward identity for nonlinear sigma models using generalized nonlinear shift symmetries, without introducing current algebra or coset space. The Ward identity constrains correlation functions of the sigma model such that the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-02-26 Ian Low , Zhewei Yin

We study asymptotic charges associated to a spin-zero analogue of Weinberg's soft photon and graviton theorems in even dimensions. Simple spacetime expressions for the charges are given, but unlike gravity or electrodynamics, the symmetry…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-03-21 Miguel Campiglia , Leonardo Coito

We investigate the emergence of infinite-dimensional symmetries in the absence of gauge invariance by analyzing massless scalar theories. We construct an infinite tower of charges that arise from the subleading equations of motion at null…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-06-05 Matías Briceño , Hernán A. González , Alfredo Pérez

In this paper, we derive a soft theorem at leading and subleading orders within the context of BFSS matrix theory. Specifically, we consider the effective field theory describing interactions between bound states of D0-branes at leading…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-06 Davide Laurenzano , John F. Wheater

We show that the soft photon, gluon and graviton theorems can be understood as the Ward-Takahashi identities of large gauge transformation, i.e., diffeomorphism that does not fall off at spatial infinity. We found infinitely many new…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-05-23 Yuta Hamada , Gary Shiu

Soft limits of massless S-matrix are known to reflect symmetries of the theory. In particular for theories with Goldstone bosons, the double-soft limit of scalars reveals the coset structure of the vacuum manifold. In this letter, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-07-23 Wei-Ming Chen , Yu-tin Huang , Congkao Wen

Gravitational memory, which describes the permanent shift in the strain after the passage of gravitational waves, is directly related to Weinberg's soft graviton theorems and the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) symmetry group of asymptotically…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-01 Valerio De Luca , Justin Khoury , Sam S. C. Wong

Infinite sets of asymptotic soft-charges were recently shown to be related to new symmetries of the $S$-matrix, spurring a large amount of research on this and related questions. Notwithstanding, the raison-d'\^etre of these soft-charges…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-24 Aldo Riello

We extend a previously developed formulation of the S-matrix, based on a path integral with asymptotic boundary conditions, to include gravity. The path integral defines a Carrollian boundary partition function whose invariance under…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-12 Jack Isen , Per Kraus , Ruben Monten , Richard M. Myers

In this paper we give an extensive description of Weyl quadratic gravity as the gauge theory of the Weyl group. The previously discovered (vectorial) torsion/non-metricity equivalence is shown to be built-in as it corresponds to a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-02-25 Cezar Condeescu , Andrei Micu