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Related papers: Lowness, randomness, and computable analysis

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A different general philosophy, to be called Full Randomness (FR), for the analysis of random effects models is presented, involving a notion of reducing or preferably eliminating fixed effects, at least formally. For example, under FR…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-09-30 Norm Matloff

Machine learning algorithms permeate the day-to-day aspects of our lives and therefore studying the fairness of these algorithms before implementation is crucial. One way in which bias can manifest in a dataset is through missing values.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-23 Aeysha Bhatti , Trudie Sandrock , Johane Nienkemper-Swanepoel

Robust Bayesian analysis has been mainly devoted to detecting and measuring robustness w.r.t. the prior distribution. Many contributions in the literature aim to define suitable classes of priors which allow the computation of variations of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-04 Antonio Di Noia , Fabrizio Ruggeri , Antonietta Mira

Learning-based low rank approximation algorithms can significantly improve the performance of randomized low rank approximation with sketch matrix. With the learned value and fixed non-zero positions for sketch matrices from learning-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Tiejin Chen , Yicheng Tao

Algebraic characterizations of the computational aspects of functions defined over the real numbers provide very effective tool to understand what computability and complexity over the reals, and generally over continuous spaces, mean. This…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-09-27 Olivier Bournez , Walid Gomaa , Emmanuel Hainry

In distributional or average-case analysis, the goal is to design an algorithm with good-on-average performance with respect to a specific probability distribution. Distributional analysis can be useful for the study of general-purpose…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Tim Roughgarden

Computation with advice is suggested as generalization of both computation with discrete advice and Type-2 Nondeterminism. Several embodiments of the generic concept are discussed, and the close connection to Weihrauch reducibility is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-06-03 Vasco Brattka , Arno Pauly

We present a new method to detect anomalies in texts (in general: in sequences of any data), using language models, in a totally unsupervised manner. The method considers probabilities (likelihoods) generated by a language model, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Filip Graliński , Ryszard Staruch , Krzysztof Jurkiewicz

We use the martingale-theoretic approach of game-theoretic probability to incorporate imprecision into the study of randomness. In particular, we define a notion of computable randomness associated with interval, rather than precise,…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-05-05 Gert de Cooman , Jasper De Bock

Nonlinear regression has been extensively employed in many computer vision problems (e.g., crowd counting, age estimation, affective computing). Under the umbrella of deep learning, two common solutions exist i) transforming nonlinear…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Le Zhang , Zenglin Shi , Ming-Ming Cheng , Yun Liu , Jia-Wang Bian , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Guoyan Zheng , Zeng Zeng

The paper describes an approach to measuring convergence of an algorithm to its result in terms of an entropy-like function of partitions of its inputs of a given length. The goal is to look at the algorithmic data processing from the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-05-06 Anatol Slissenko

Randomization as a mean to improve the adversarial robustness of machine learning models has recently attracted significant attention. Unfortunately, much of the theoretical analysis so far has focused on binary classification, providing…

While learning with limited labelled data can improve performance when the labels are lacking, it is also sensitive to the effects of uncontrolled randomness introduced by so-called randomness factors (e.g., varying order of data). We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Branislav Pecher , Ivan Srba , Maria Bielikova

We present a new way of estimation of the role of chance in achieving success, by comparing the empirical data from 100-meter dash competitions (one of the sports disciplines with the most stringent controls of external randomness), with…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-08-26 Pawel Sobkowicz , Robert H Frank , Alessio E Biondo , Alessandro Pluchino , Andrea Rapisarda

We introduce and study several notions of computability-theoretic reducibility between subsets of $\omega$ that are "robust" in the sense that if only partial information is available about the oracle, then partial information can be…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-06-12 Damir Dzhafarov , Gregory Igusa

We revisit the foundations of fairness and its interplay with utility and efficiency in settings where the training data contain richer labels, such as individual types, rankings, or risk estimates, rather than just binary outcomes. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Noga Amit , Omer Reingold , Guy N. Rothblum

Arranging the bits of a random string or real into k columns of a two-dimensional array or higher dimensional structure is typically accompanied with loss in the Kolmogorov complexity of the columns, which depends on k. We quantify and…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-02-19 George Barmpalias , Xiaoyan Zhang

In this paper, we consider robust control using randomized algorithms. We extend the existing order statistics distribution theory to the general case in which the distribution of population is not assumed to be continuous and the order…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2008-05-13 Xinjia Chen , Kemin Zhou

The algorithmic theory of randomness is well developed when the underlying space is the set of finite or infinite sequences and the underlying probability distribution is the uniform distribution or a computable distribution. These…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Peter Gacs

Algorithmic modeling relies on limited information in data to extrapolate outcomes for unseen scenarios, often embedding an element of arbitrariness in its decisions. A perspective on this arbitrariness that has recently gained interest is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Prakhar Ganesh , Afaf Taik , Golnoosh Farnadi