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ICS environments are vital to the operation of critical infrastructure such as power grids, water treatment facilities, and manufacturing plants. However, these systems are vulnerable to cyber attacks due to their reliance on interconnected…
A Cyber Physical System (CPS) consists of cyber components for computation and communication, and physical components such as sensors and actuators for process control. These components are networked and interact in a feedback loop. CPS are…
Smart local energy system (SLES) is considered as a promising pathway facilitating a more effective and localised operation, benefited from the complex information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructures and Internet of things…
A technology platform that is gradually bridging the gap between object visibility and remote accessibility is the Internet of Things (IoT). Rapid deployment of this application can significantly transform the health, housing, and power…
Cybersecurity attacks are a major and increasing burden to economic and social systems globally. Here we analyze the principles of security in different domains and demonstrate an architectural flaw in current cybersecurity. Cybersecurity…
Risk is the best known and perhaps the best studied example within a much broader class of cyber security metrics. However, risk is not the only possible cyber security metric. Other metrics such as resilience can exist and could be…
As many industries shift towards centralised controlled information systems for monitoring and control, more importance is being placed upon technologies such as Supervisory Control and Data Acquisitions industrial systems (SCADA). This…
In critical infrastructures, communication networks are used to exchange vital data among elements of Industrial Control Systems (ICSes). Due to the criticality of such systems and the increase of the cybersecurity risks in these contexts,…
Cyber Physical Systems solve complex problems through their tight integration between the physical and computational components. Therefore, the reliability of a complex system is the most critical requirement for the cyber physical system…
The power grid is a critical infrastructure essential for public safety and welfare. As its reliance on digital technologies grows, so do its vulnerabilities to sophisticated cyber threats, which could severely disrupt operations. Effective…
Interconnected systems such as power systems and chemical processes are often required to satisfy safety properties in the presence of faults and attacks. Verifying safety of these systems, however, is computationally challenging due to…
This paper is based on the initial ideas of a PhD proposal which will investigate SCADA failures in physical infrastructure systems. The results will be used to develop a new notation to help risk assessment using dependable computing…
Critical systems, such as those used in healthcare, defence, and disaster management, demand rigorous requirements engineering to ensure safety and reliability. Yet, much of this rigour has traditionally focused on technical assurance,…
Modern industrial systems face a growing threat from sophisticated cyberattacks that can cause significant operational disruptions. This work presents a novel methodology for identification of the most critical cyberattacks that may disrupt…
- Current infrastructures for developing big-data applications are able to process --via big-data analytics-huge amounts of data, using clusters of machines that collaborate to perform parallel computations. However, current infrastructures…
The convergence of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) in Industry 4.0 exposes the limitations of traditional, hierarchical architectures like ISA-95 and RAMI 4.0. Their inherent rigidity, data silos, and lack of…
Command, Control, Communication, and Intelligence (C3I) systems are increasingly used in critical civil and military domains for achieving information superiority, operational efficacy, and greater situational awareness. Unlike traditional…
The prevalence of cyberattacks on Industrial Control Systems (ICS) has highlighted the necessity for robust security measures and incident response to protect critical infrastructure. This is prominent when Operational Technology (OT)…
Networked power grid systems are susceptible to a phenomenon known as Coherent Swing Instability (CSI), in which a subset of machines in the grid lose synchrony with the rest of the network. We develop network level evaluation metrics to…
Increasing reliance on Information and Communication Technology~(ICT) exposes the power grid to cyber-attacks. In particular, Coordinated Cyber-Attacks (CCAs) are considered highly threatening and difficult to defend against, because they…